home » Beauty and health » The pros of gadgets in the modern world. The impact of modern technology on our lives. Difficulty learning to read and listen to information

The pros of gadgets in the modern world. The impact of modern technology on our lives. Difficulty learning to read and listen to information

Choosing a new technical device, we strive to obtain maximum opportunities at minimum costs. Everyone wants the novelty to be simple and straightforward to operate, and even with convenient external parameters and a strong, reliable case. Most often in our time, users think about the choice between tablets and smartphones. Despite the fact that the significant differences between these devices have practically disappeared, and even hybrid tablet phones have been released, both types still have their advantages and disadvantages.

Pros and cons of using smartphones

The conventional intercoms have been replaced by highly functional "smart" gadgets that have left almost no one indifferent. Manufacturers are striving to equip smartphones with more powerful parts that allow them to perform previously unavailable operations, in addition to the usual calls and messages. But can we consider that the choice of such a device is the only correct decision for the buyer? In fact, everything directly depends on the needs of the user and the capabilities of a particular device. However, a few general advantages and disadvantages can still be highlighted.

A clear plus for users is the compact size of smartphones. Even gadgets with a diagonal of 5 inches or more fit well into a handbag or pocket. The large display allows you to surf the Internet, watch videos, play games or read books. And the variety of existing mobile applications makes it possible to use a smartphone even as text editors, although the size of mobile displays is not enough for full-scale operation.

Another fact in favor of smartphones is the presence of powerful processors, which have significantly expanded the multitasking of these devices. Modern gadgets have access to a huge variety of applications and services in the most unexpected direction. And, although not all programs are adapted for such chipsets, the user can always find something useful from other developers.

In addition to these advantages, many buyers pay attention to the photo and video capabilities of smartphones. And some manufacturers have focused on this aspect of functionality, which led to the emergence of the so-called "camera phones".

Despite all the advantages, smartphones also have certain disadvantages. Oddly enough, a large screen can also be counted among the disadvantages of mobile phones, since with the growth of the display, the general external parameters of the gadget also increase. This turns compact smartphones into inconvenient "shovels", which, anyway, do not "reach" the capabilities of the same tablets. Also, the financial aspect is referred to unpleasant moments - if you want to get a good gadget, be ready to shell out a tidy sum for it. The slightest attempt to save money immediately hits the functionality or reliability of the purchased device. Because of this phone repair has long been considered an indispensable service.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Tablet Computers

The main competitors of smart intercoms in the technical market are tablets. These devices also boast a wide range of functionality, although only a few can make phone calls. But telephony is far from the main function of tablet computers: such devices are more likely focused on working on the Internet, viewing media files, editing text documents and working with various graphic video editors. That is why the developers have equipped tablets with large and bright displays, the average indicators of which range from 7-10 inches. And high resolution makes any action, be it reading books or surfing the Internet, a real pleasure.

The second significant advantage of tablets can be called very powerful microchips, often much more powerful than smartphones. Thus, developers provide users with access to a huge number of programs, making the use of devices more universal. Therefore, the creation of applications for tablets is being carried out more actively, allowing us to expand the range of capabilities of a tablet device to the most unexpected level.

A significant advantage of the tablets is the large capacity of the built-in batteries. Taking into account the peculiarities of the operation of these devices, it is simply impossible to do without long-term work in stand-alone mode, because at home you can sit at the computer near the outlet, and a smartphone will do for simple short manipulations.

Although the cost of tablets is noticeably lower than that of multifunctional smartphones, the rather fragile design made tablet repair a mandatory service in all major services. At the same time, the price of repair service is much higher than that of intercoms. Also, users consider the inability to make calls and very weak parameters of the built-in cameras as disadvantages.

Should you choose Android or iOS?

In addition to the problem of choosing a portable device, many users are faced with the difficulties of choosing the ideal operating system. At the moment, the most popular operating systems are Android and iOS, therefore, more often than not, it is they who are on the scales of the buyer. Both operating systems are good and very functional, but it's impossible to install everything on one device at once, so you have to choose.

The main advantage of Android over iOS is that it is completely open to developers and users. Alas, American software is available only for branded Apple gadgets, and only specially targeted applications can be installed on it. At the same time, Android is available for use by all interested companies, thanks to which the number of various mobile gadgets on this system is simply off scale.

However, such a strict orientation of iOS can be considered a plus, because the development of applications for specific device models avoids many glitches, as well as common problems with software compatibility. Thus, the software repair iPhone and the iPad is becoming more of a rarity than a necessity, while Android occasionally suffers from application bugs affecting the entire operation of the device.

An important selection criterion is the speed of work and the security of personal information. And, if Android wins unconditionally on the first point, then in the second case, using iTunes is a significant advantage for iOS. As for the battery life, there are problems with both devices, although the speed of energy consumption of Android is already legendary.

In addition to all of the above, Android is supported by the possibility of expanding memory using a flash card, the unique customizability of the user interface (which is actively used by different mobile manufacturers) and wide interaction with different web browsers at the choice of the owner. In addition, even the most reliable and functional gadgets on Android are much cheaper than branded devices on iOS. Thanks to such a policy, the user can choose which device and which company will suit him best, while Apple does not provide such freedom of choice.

An interesting feature of American security is a special algorithm for working with wireless networks. In fact, the OS itself regulates when what access to use: Wi-Fi is used by default, but if it is not there, the system switches to mobile transmission or turns off automatically if it is not needed. For Android, this is all set by the owner himself.

A lot can be said about the advantages and disadvantages of certain types of devices and current operating systems, but the choice, anyway, depends on the needs and preferences of each specific user.

Children who are accustomed to or are already dependent on gadgets often say that it hurts them to read. I began to deal with this problem and that's what I found out. Frequent and prolonged games on tablets and iPhones form the dynamics of the work of the eye muscles that are completely unnatural for reading and writing.

The first problem that a specialist will solve is the difficulty of holding a static object with his eyes. It is difficult for a child to focus their gaze and keep it on an object that is not moving, because the eyes are used to following moving bright objects in games.

The second dynamic problem arises from visual stress. This is a violation of eye movements when tracing a line from left to right and returning eye movement with a transition to a new line. This motor skill of the eye muscles is formed on the basis of the ability to control your body. The chaotic movement of objects, which is used in computer games, does not in any way contribute to the formation of saccadic movements when tracing a line from left to right and from top to bottom.

In order for the learning to read and the process of reading itself to be comfortable and optimal for the child, the child must be able to move his gaze from left to right and be able to do this carefully and with concentration throughout the entire process of reading or writing. It is necessary to maintain attention and control the muscles of the eyes. Children who are already addicted to gadgets have a "running" look.

The third problem is breathing, namely, a disturbance in the rhythm of breathing. If adults watched the child while playing on the tablet, they would easily see that the child is so enthusiastic that he even forgets to breathe. Holding his breath, he waits for permission to take the gadget. And during the game, he is so keen and absorbed in the game that he forgets to breathe, which, of course, causes oxygen starvation of the brain and a general change in the rhythms of the brain.

What problems do children with gadget addiction experience?

When the child looks up, i.e. "Pulls" them out of his colored enchantingly unreal world, which the gadget provides him, he experiences severe discomfort and real psychological difficulties in perceiving the surrounding space and people in it, because ...
The reality around us is not so bright and not at all aesthetically organized - the usual dullness and wretchedness of life, dirt and mess - “my eyes would not see it” - and again I want to plunge into the beauty of an unrealistically beautiful world!
In the real world, rare objects are in constant motion, and the visual center of the brain is already trained to see and focus only on what is moving, and what does not, the brain simply does not even recognize as an object or with a low level of sharpness, which causes discomfort and unpleasant sensations. often even painful.
The child has lost the ability inherent in him to follow what is happening. To follow what is happening in the real world yourself, you need to be able to control your body, be able to perceive information and interact with real objects that act autonomously from you.

How to recognize a child's addiction to gadgets? Very simple! Yes, it's simple, the main thing is to know what is worth paying attention to, and here are my guidelines by which even ordinary parents can establish (diagnose) themselves that a child is already dependent on gadgets:

The desire to use the gadget for more than 30 minutes a day
The mood sharply deteriorates when the time allocated for using the gadget runs out
The mood sharply improves when they were allowed to take the gadget
A child is bargaining for the right to take a gadget, is naughty, begs for permission to take a gadget
After using the gadget, he cannot switch to a new type of activity, as if it gets stuck in the previous activity
After using the gadget, he shows irritability, aggressiveness in communication

How to understand that the child's psyche is damaged? Again, very simple! Yes, it is really simple, and here are my guidelines by which even ordinary parents can establish (diagnose) the level of damage themselves. So, the first landmark is an open mouth, which indicates a violation of self-control over the behavior of the body, due to the weakness of the nervous system. And the second indicator that should be considered as a more severe mental disorder is a protruding tongue while performing an action. For example, when a child presses on the buttons on his tablet, when he writes, or when he draws or draws a picture around the contour. Even a slight loss of the tongue due to teeth clearly shows that the psyche of a child or teenager has suffered significant damage.

The defects described above already require, if not treatment, then long-term specialized therapy and an absolute prohibition on the use of gadgets both in everyday life and in the educational process.

IT IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW EVERYONE.

For preschool children, a complete ban on electronic gadgets is recommended.
Research shows that children under the age of 10 are especially susceptible to new technologies and practically become dependent on them.
The researchers insist that children should not be allowed to use tablets for more than half an hour a day, and smartphones for more than 2 hours a day.
For 10-14 year olds, the use of a PC is allowed only for school assignments.
Scientists argue that only after a child reaches the age of 14 can the restrictions on the use of IT technologies be lifted.
Learning should be IT-free because computers inhibit creative thinking, mobility, human relationships and mindfulness. It is better for the educational process if computers are used as little as possible, because technology is only a distraction when literacy and critical thinking are needed.

P.S... Children should be able to play with children and be able to ask adults questions. Children who are passionate about their gadgets for hours on end cannot do either the first or the second. An intellectual catastrophe has already covered us.

Tatiana Goguadze - Honorary Educator of Russia, teacher-defectologist, specialist in dyslexia and dyslexics.

Mobile phones, tablets and computers have long since lost their original purpose as a means of communication and computing. Now, for most people, they serve an entertainment function, the value and significance of which has completely overshadowed the original purpose of these devices. The functions of gadgets as a means of communication have also changed - they are used not so much for the transmission of voice messages, but for communication in social networks. Moreover, these are probably not the only manifestations of the consequences of the development of computing technology and communications.

It is worth remembering that human speech and thinking are inextricably linked. Back in 1887, the English linguist, Oxford professor F. M. Muller wrote in his work "The Science of Language": “Nobody, I think, willable to challenge the fact that thought without language or some other embodiment is impossible. What we used to call a thought is only the reverse side of a coin, the obverse of which is an articulate sound. "... What impact can gadgets have on a child's development, given that today parents often begin to teach children to use them almost from the cradle?

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the report "The influence of gadgets on the speech development of children", which was presented by the St. Petersburg teacher-speech therapist of the highest qualification category Emma Santrikovna Agopyan at the scientific and practical conference "On the way to a health school: the formation of education in the context of the Federal State Educational Standard", held within the framework of the VIII St. Petersburg International educational forum.

The influence of gadgets on the speech development of children

Every summer I took the train to visit my parents with a child, or even two or three. It was a real test: two days in a confined space ... All the children in the carriage made noise, ran, talked, went to visit each other. Either their parents occupied themselves with reading books, coloring, board games, telling different stories, since all fairy tales were already learned by heart, then the children themselves came up with games, coming into contact with other guys in the carriage. I saw a completely different picture on the train this winter. As soon as an insignificant noise arose, parents gave a tablet to their child and it was not heard for many hours. Great! Children are quiet, mothers are calm. I wondered, how can such an early hobby for gadgets affect the child's speech development? I want to emphasize right away that we will only consider speech development.

Let's go in order. Let's start with the intrauterine development of the fetus. The formation of the hearing aid is completed by 24 weeks of development; before this time, the fetus perceives sounds with the entire surface of the body. Therefore, first of all, he "feels" the sounds of the mother's voice: they are carried out in the form of vibrations of the tissues of her body and amniotic fluid. At the same time, words addressed to the fetus, husband, colleagues or someone else will be felt by the baby in exactly the same way.

Starting from the sixth month of intrauterine life, the baby already hears in the usual sense of this word for us; now he has the ability to distinguish the difference in intonation - the overtones of a sound and thus can distinguish between the sounds of mother's voice and surrounding noises. Therefore, having been born, the baby can really react more actively to the voices “familiar” from the prenatal period, the baby “recognizes” the mother, father or grandmother by intonation. This happens provided that people close to the child during the period of his intrauterine development talk, and not necessarily with a tummy, but simply talk to each other. The modern mother is silent, she herself is on the net, and with grandmothers it is more and more difficult, young families mostly live separately. In the evening, dad will come home from work, eat and also go into the virtual world. Thus, the child is deprived of communication before being born.

Let's try to compare the early development of a child (since it is entirely related to speech development) of the recent past and the present.

0-1.5 years old

It was: a child in her arms, in an arena, on the floor, in a stroller. He crawls around the room, knocks on everything, brings down a mountain of ironed linen, tries to catch the cat, then sobs that it is scratching, they calm him down, take him in his arms, tell fables, kiss the place where it hurts. In a word, they show attention, sympathy, there is an interaction between an adult and a child.

The main significance of the pre-verbal stage in the development of a child's speech is that at this time conditions are created for understanding speech, they learn to distinguish the sounds of human speech among all sounds, during this period sensitivity to those characteristics of speech sounds that form the understanding of the meaning of a word will increase.

Now: the difference is small, except that mom has more free time and a lot of anxiety. Therefore, the child is mostly fastened: to the stroller, to the mother, to the highchair ... there can be no question of quietly crawling around the yard. There is danger, dirt, cigarette butts, animals everywhere. In a modern city apartment, various gadgets, toys, "developmental" and "distractions" have been invented. Everything in order not to allow the child to independently explore the world around him. But in order to develop harmoniously, a child needs to run, climb, dig, pour and pour, break, sniff, wake up, that is, independently explore the world, gaining invaluable experience. Mom wants to calmly wander in social networks. Therefore, as soon as the child grows up to independent sitting, he is given an old phone or tablet, or the TV turns on. Now the child is busy, and mom has half an hour for herself.

We also switched to cars almost without exception. The child is bored in the car. He is capricious, trying to escape from the chair to which he is tightly fastened. So that the parent is not distracted from driving and for safety reasons the child is handed a gadget

In the queue at the children's clinic, on the subway, on the train, in any waiting situation, when the parents do not know how to occupy the child, or do not want to strain - an electronic friend will help out everywhere!

1.5 to 3 years old

It was : the child walks by the handle, walks in the yard or in the park, digs in the sandbox, collects cigarette butts, throws sand, falls and gets up, tries to catch a stray dog, finds a dead bird, and is in contact all the time; either with parents, or with the same kids. Active communication takes place - verbal, tactile, emotional ...

The first, second and third year of a child's life is the so-called period that is sensitive for the development of speech. In other words, this is the period when speech is actively developing, the corresponding areas of the brain develop. It is during this period that active communication with peers, grandmothers, and parents is necessary.

Now: fastened, spends more time with the gadget, since the games that the child has mastered have become more difficult, he has already formed a screen addiction. The child is encouraged, punished, brought up, promising or taking away the gadget. In tablet games, there are only bright, accompanied by music, changing pictures that are very captivating for children, swing the pre-verbal level of activity and fix the child on it. This pre-verbal world of images becomes very valuable, the child begins to prefer it to all other modes of functioning.

3-5 years old

It was: walks in the yard or on the playground, helps dad fix the car, fix shelves or a stool, helps mom wash the floor on Saturday, knock a carpet in the snow He travels with his parents to the dacha on four types of transport, this is practically a round-the-world trip ... And if you're lucky, the child will be left for a couple of weeks with his grandmother in the village: he runs after chickens, makes friends with a dog, helps his grandmother in the garden, climbs the whole district with local children and will receive so many impressions that it will last until the next visit.

Now: he watches cartoons, plays with gadgets, walks under the supervision of his mother, goes to educational games at the Development Center, goes to classes with a speech therapist. The screen becomes the main "educator" of the child. According to UNESCO, 93% of today's children 3-5 years old look at the screen 28 hours a week, i.e. about 4 hours a day, which is much more than the time spent with adults. This "harmless" activity suits not only children, but also parents. In fact, the child does not bother, does not ask for anything, does not bully, does not take risks, and at the same time receives impressions, learns something new, joins modern civilization. When parents buy new videos, computer games or set-top boxes for a child, parents seem to care about his development and try to keep him busy with something interesting. The home screen completely supplanted grandmother's fairy tales, mother's lullabies, conversations with father.

I propose to complete the milestones of the speech formation of our children at this point, since, ideally, by the age of 5, oral speech should be formed. By the age of 5-6 years, the sensitive period ends, the areas of the brain responsible for speech cease to be plastic, and if the child speaks very badly or hardly speaks by this time, then it will not be possible to teach him and correct the situation completely. Scientists claim that 70% of information about the world is obtained by children under 5 years old. The remaining 30% are collected for the rest of their lives.

The first generation of "screen children"

Speech is born only in the process of active interaction with the outside world, with people. The first function of speech is communicative, socializing. First, the child hears the parents 'comments about his actions and feelings, he connects the parents' words with his actions.

Further, the child himself wants to somehow influence the parents, inform them about his desires and feelings. The more actively the child interacts with the world, the more his speech develops. At the same time, activity should also be specific - it should be to a large extent communicative. The child's communication activity is very dependent on the parents.

From the importance they attach to it, whether they talk to the child, whether they leave him space for communicative activity. If the child is already two, and even more so three years old, and the parents still continue to treat him like a baby, try to guess and prevent all his desires, without expecting any effort from him, then his motivation to speak is reduced.

Why would he even speak, if it is so good? The level of interaction with the surrounding people remains primitive, the interaction itself is passive.

Silent computer toys reduce motivation even more. If the TV somehow stimulates speech (pictures on TV are constantly accompanied by emotionally loaded speech), then a serious complex of efforts is needed to move to a higher and more complex level of mental functioning.

The more time a child spends with his eyes on the screen, the less he learns to communicate, accumulate the experience of communication, scanning and exchange of emotional states.

The consequences of early exposure to gadgets

Lagging speech development

This seemingly harmless occupation is fraught with serious dangers and can entail very sad consequences not only for the physical health of the child (quite a lot has already been said about visual impairments, lack of movement, damaged posture), but also for his mental development.

Nowadays, as the first generation of "screen children" is growing up, these consequences are becoming more evident..

The first of these is a lag in the development of speech. In recent years, both parents and teachers are increasingly complaining about delays in speech development: children begin to speak later, speak little and badly, their speech is poor and primitive.

Special speech therapy help is needed in almost every kindergarten group. As shown by special studies, in our time, 25% of four-year-old children suffer from speech disorders. In the mid-70s, speech deficit was observed in only 4% of children of the same age. Over the past 20 years, the number of speech disorders has increased more than six times!

However, what does television have to do with it? After all, a child sitting at the screen constantly hears speech. Doesn't saturation with audible speech contribute to speech development? What difference does it make who is talking to the child - an adult or a cartoon character?

The difference is huge. Speech is not an imitation of other people's words and not memorizing speech stamps. Mastering speech at an early age occurs only in live, direct communication, when the baby not only listens to other people's words, but responds to another person when he himself is included in the dialogue.

Moreover, it is turned on, not only by hearing and articulation, but by all its actions, thoughts and feelings. In order for a child to speak, it is necessary that speech be included in his concrete practical actions, in his real impressions and, most importantly, in his communication with adults.

Speech sounds that are not addressed to the child personally and do not imply a response do not affect the child, do not induce action and do not cause any images. They remain an empty phrase.

Modern children, for the most part, use too little speech in communication with close adults. Much more often they absorb TV programs that do not require their response, do not react to their attitude and which he himself cannot influence in any way. Tired and silent parents are replaced by a screen.

But speech emanating from the screen remains a poorly comprehended set of other people's sounds, it does not become "our own". Therefore, children prefer to be silent, or use shouts or gestures.

However, external spoken language is only the tip of the iceberg, behind which a huge block of internal speech is hidden. After all, speech is not only a means of communication, but also a means of thinking, imagination, regulation and mastery of one's behavior, it is a means of realizing one's experiences, one's behavior, and consciousness of oneself in general.

In inner speech, not only thinking takes place, but also imagination, and experience, and any idea, in a word, everything that makes up a person's inner world, his mental life. It is the dialogue with oneself that forms that inner form that gives stability and independence.

If this form did not take shape, if there is no inner speech (and hence no inner life), the person remains extremely unstable and dependent on external influences. He simply is not able to hold on to any content or to strive for any goal. The result is an internal emptiness that needs to be constantly replenished from the outside.

Difficulty learning to read and listen to information

Many children find it difficult to perceive information by ear - they cannot keep the previous phrase and connect separate sentences, understand, grasp the meaning. Hearing speech does not evoke images and lasting impressions in them.

For the same reason, they hard to read - understanding individual words and short sentences, they cannot hold and connect them, as a result, they do not understand the text as a whole. Therefore, they are simply not interested, it is boring to read even the best children's books.

Children who are accustomed to, or are already dependent on gadgets often say that they are uncomfortable reading. Frequent and prolonged games on tablets and iPhones form the dynamics of the work of the eye muscles that are completely unnatural for reading and writing.

It is difficult for a child to focus and keep his gaze on an object that is not moving, because his eyes are used to following moving bright objects in games.

Also, there is a violation of eye movements when tracing a line from left to right and returning eye movement with a transition to a new line. The chaotic movement of objects, which is used in computer games, does not contribute to the formation of movements when tracing a line from left to right and from top to bottom.

Autism spectrum disorders

Substitution and substitution of the human way of communication in the family with an electronic surrogate pose a significant danger, since they violate the normal code and algorithm of the mental, social, cultural and spiritual development of children. Younger users of electronic toys become self-sufficient, their normal needs and motivations for contacts with parents and children weaken.

Gradually, adults lose their leading role in relation to mental, speech, emotional, communicative, social and spiritual development and lose the ability to influence the behavior of the child. This is one of the reasons for the significant increase in the number of children with manifestations of autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

ASDs are gradually turning into an “epidemic” of the 21st century. In 2006, in Russia, there were, "even according to the most conservative estimates, at least 150 thousand children with autistic disorders", in 2011 already "at least 250-300 thousand children with ASD under the age of 18".

The introduction of gadgets into the living space influenced not only the formation of oral speech, but also led to the emergence of a special type of written speech (SMS) without spelling and syntactic rules and forms of politeness, the main feature of which was the brevity and minimum keystrokes.

As they get older, modern children more and more often “listen with their eyes”, reading SMS-messages and chatting, and “talk with their fingers”. Leading neuropsychologists testify to the steadily and ubiquitous impending drama - "the loss of modern children of their native language - the bearing axis of consciousness."

Let's summarize

Evolutionarily, the child's articulatory apparatus is ready from birth to pronounce sounds, but it takes time to develop speech (i.e., the ability to express one's thoughts in oral and written form through words). The development of speech, actively occurring in the first three years of life, is impossible without child-parent communication.

The above does not mean at all a call to exclude television and computers from the lives of children. Not at all. It is impossible and pointless. But in early and preschool childhood, when the inner life of the child is just taking shape, the screen carries a serious danger.

Teacher-speech therapist of the highest qualification category Agopyan Emma Santrikovna

Literature:

M.V. Belousova, A.M. Karpov, M.A. Utkuzov. Influence of gadgets on the development of communication, socialization and speech in children of early and preschool age.
Karpov A.M., Chudnovsky E.V., Gerasimova V.V. and others. Computer activity of children is a risk factor for mental and personality disorders.
Materials of the site www.autisminrussia.ru
Belousova M.V., Prusakov V.F., Utkuzova M.A. Autism spectrum disorders in the practice of a pediatrician.
Kerdellan K., Grezillon G. Processor Children: How the Internet and Video Games Shape Tomorrow's Adults. Per. with fr. A. Lushanova.

It is quite difficult to imagine a modern family without various gadgets: smartphones, computers, laptops, tablets. These and other electronic and digital devices have become firmly established in our lives. It is not surprising that today's kids begin to be interested in them from a very young age. However, many parents are concerned about the question: is such a hobby safe?

On the one hand, it is not very prudent to completely limit the child's acquaintance with computers and other electronic devices, since they contribute to the intellectual development of children.

On the other hand, modern technologies often take a crumbs of a lot of time that he could spend on more useful activities: outdoor games, reading books, the usual fuss with friends.

Let's find out what are the benefits and harms of gadgets for the health and development of the child.

Influence of gadgets on children: the benefits of using

Computers and Internet technologies are gradually entering the lives of even the smallest children. The task of the parents is to teach the kid to use wisely all these benefits of civilization. Moreover, they can be useful.

1. Development Assistant

Gadgets can become the same educational tool as more traditional toys: pyramids, cars, dolls, cubes and other children's attributes. The baby, chaotically pressing the buttons and keys, imperceptibly develops the motor skills of the fingers and involuntarily remembers certain numbers and letters.

By listening to melodies and looking at the pictures on the monitor, the baby improves auditory and visual perception.

2. A way to keep your child busy

Thanks to laptops, smartphones and tablets, parents now know what to do with a little fidget in a long line at the hospital, during a car trip or in a traffic jam.

You don't need to take a whole bunch of toys with you, you just need to turn on an interesting cartoon for your child or put on a game.

In this case, he will not bother you because of boredom and will have an interesting time.

3. Library in your pocket

Modern electronic "reading rooms" are able to replace an entire book depository, so that the student does not have to carry voluminous volumes from the library and back. You will only need to download the books of interest from the Internet.

In addition, you will teach your child to think that the worldwide network is not only a source of entertainment, but also a concentration of useful information.

4. An irreplaceable assistant for study

Among the heap of various computer games, you can find really useful products that contribute to the development of cognitive processes and the acquisition of new skills and abilities.

Some applications teach kids to read and write, math, drawing, develop attention, memory and logical thinking. Cognitive cartoons will help to transfer new knowledge about the world around the child in an unobtrusive form.

Influence of gadgets on children: cons of using

Technological progress has significantly reduced physical activity on people, which is why the problem of physical inactivity and its consequences has become more relevant than ever before.

Prolonged sitting behind gadgets is especially dangerous for children's health.

1. Negative impact on physical development and health

This aspect of the influence of gadgets on children is worth considering in more detail.

If a child is overly keen on a tablet or laptop, then they may suffer:

vision - if a baby spends more than half an hour a day in front of the monitor, there is a risk that after six months his visual acuity will decrease significantly, because children's eyes are under enormous stress;
posture - children often slouch at the computer, which is fraught with curvature of the spine and numerous difficulties with posture in the future;
brain - from a prolonged stay in one position, blood circulation in the limbs, internal organs can be disrupted, the brain also suffers, which has an extremely negative effect on the child's intelligence, fraught with a decrease in concentration and memory

2. Incomplete assimilation of information

Yes, gadgets help children's development, but babies at an early age need to use all channels of perception. It is important for a child to touch, twist, examine the ball from all sides in order to understand that it is round and can roll.

Educational cartoons are not able to show all the diversity of the world, so the baby cannot fully study this or that subject.

3. Decrease in creativity

Not a single computer, laptop or smartphone can replace children with real work with various materials, the joy of creating something new with their pens.

In real life, kids fantasize and embody ideas in sculpting, cutting, painting, creating applications. Even the most "sophisticated" program with an extended interface will not keep up with the children's imagination.

4. Leaving for virtual space

Of course, not every child replaces the real world with a computer game and social networking. And yet, some children become seriously addicted to gadgets, focusing all their interests on the virtual world.

Not only communication with peers suffers, but also studies, relationships with parents.

We use gadgets for children wisely

If you want to prevent children from becoming addicted to the computer and reduce the possible negative effects of electronic devices, you need to use them correctly, adhering to several important rules.

Despite all the advantages of gadgets, remember that tablets or phones are not essential and essential items for preschoolers and young toddlers. Full development is possible without all these "miracles of technology", but if you still want to please your child, then follow the principle - the technology for the child must correspond to his age.
It is better for children under six years old to purchase children's tablets that are designed specifically for this age period. In this case, you will be sure that the gadget is useful for the child, and it will become much easier for you to control the enthusiastic baby. Do not buy small children tablets "for growth" and expensive phones just for the sake of your child to be "cooler" than everyone else.
Addiction to gadgets can develop if parents begin to substitute various electronic devices for real interaction with the baby. Do not use the computer to distract your child while you are preparing lunch or cleaning. The best way out is to involve children in this process.
It is impossible to allow the baby to be at the computer more than the established age norms. So, children under three years old should not sit at a laptop for more than an hour a day, and every 20 minutes it is necessary to arrange a physical minute to rest their eyes. Older children can be allowed to spend more time in front of the monitor, but breaks are also required.
Try to adhere to the age recommendations indicated for computer games and cartoons. Information intended for older children can overwhelm the child and even lead to a nervous breakdown.
Do not give gadgets to babies before falling asleep. The flickering of bright pictures on the screen excites the nervous system of children, because of which they sleep poorly, see nightmares in their dreams, or cannot fall asleep at all.

Finally, I would like to say that it is still not worth forbidding children to use modern technological advances. We live in an era of technology and progress, which means that skills and abilities in this area will be useful to kids in the future.

To avoid potential problems, keep track of the time that your child spends on a tablet or smartphone.

And do not forget that real communication with a child cannot be replaced by any, even the most expensive and newfangled devices.

Sigacheva Valeria

The report is devoted to the study of modern gadgets and their effect on the human body. The work consists of an introduction, the main content, a practical part and a conclusion. The topic of the report is relevant and of great practical importance, because almost all people daily use various kinds of electronic gadgets in their daily lives. Moreover, children learn modern gadgets much faster than their parents. The speaker's task is to draw the attention of students to an urgent problem - the impact of modern gadgets on human health, especially on the health of children. Based on his research, the author gives examples of harmful effects gadgets for children's health and shares some recommendations for solving this problem. The work is distinguished by structural clarity and consistency. The author is able to determine the object, subject, goal and objectives of the study, independently and logically compares and summarizes the results of the study. The report can be used in biology lessons. and at extracurricular activities.

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Education Committee of Ulan-Ude

MAOU "Secondary School No. 37"

Regional stage of the All-Russian festival of creative discoveries and initiatives "Leonardo"

Nominated: Ecology

Topic: "The influence of modern gadgets on the human body"

MAOU "Secondary School No. 37"

Leader: Khobrakova Norson Vladimirovna

ulan-Ude

2016

Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………… ..3

I. The role of modern electronic devices in human everyday life and

their impact on human health in childhood

1. The role of modern gadgets in human everyday life …………………… 4

2. Consequences of the influence of gadgets on children's health ………………………………. 5-7

II. The practical part. ……………………………………………………………… 9-10

List of used literature ………………………………………………… 13

Applications

Introduction.

Relevance of the topic:

This topic is considered the most relevant today, tk. almost all people daily use various kinds of electronic gadgets in their daily lives. Moreover, children learn modern gadgets much faster than their parents.

Choosing our themedue to the fact that over the past two decades, gadgets have become an integral part of human life. Various devices, such as computers, computer tablets and telephones, are very helpful to a person in everyday life. Thanks to the Internet, people quickly find the information they need, can send any text message to the other end of the world, communicate with each other, etc. And yet, don't people overestimate the usefulness of gadgets? Spending a lot of time, do you become addicted to them? What is the impact of modern gadgets on human health, especially on the health of children? We have conducted a small study, from which we have learned a lot of interesting things about how gadgets can affect the health and psyche of schoolchildren.

Goal:

Hypothesis:

Tasks:

To study the role of modern gadgets in human everyday life.
To study how gadgets affect the development of speech, communication and socialization in children.
To study the consequences of the influence of gadgets on the health of children.
Conduct a sociological survey among school students in order to clarify the role of gadgets in the life of students.
Analyze the collected results and draw conclusions on the work done.

Object of study:modern electronic gadgets

Subject of study:the influence of modern gadgets on the human body.

Research methods:analytical, practical.

The role of modern electronic devices in human everyday life and their impact on human health in childhood

1. The role of modern gadgets in human everyday life

Electronics is a huge niche that is evolving every day. And if half a century ago everything related to electronics was more related to industrial development, then today there is a huge niche of personal electronics. Many gadgets and devices have firmly entered our life, have become its integral part, and we can no longer imagine our full-fledged existence without them. Mobile phones, cameras, players, laptops, tablets and much more have become our indispensable companions and assistants in everyday life. If before we did just fine without them, then, having tried it once, we ourselves do not notice how we are more and more drawn into the fascinating process of using them.

Most gadgets are the fruits of new modern technologies. Almost all of them have older relatives, because the technical process is constantly in motion. Consider how every year more and more electronic devices for personal use appear.

Personal electronics is developing at a tremendous pace, new developments are increasingly aimed at meeting the needs of ordinary users. Compact electronic components and new forms of communication have appeared. Information carriers have become miniature. The audio player is the younger relative of the stationary tape recorder. The VCR has been converted to a media player. A large computer has a large family in general - these are laptops, netbooks, tablets, etc. The same bathroom scales now show not only weight, but also the percentage of muscle mass and fat, fluid in the body, and are also able to store this data. Car media combines entertain passengers and driver with news, music and video. The navigator will tell you the way, and the DVR will record what is happening on the road and the driver's actions.

The largest number of gadgets surrounds the computer. Here are dictaphone pens, a watch phone, a mug that heats up tea, etc. It all depends on the needs and financial capabilities of the user.

Communicators are the most advanced gadgets today. They can do everything: read a document, listen to music, make a call, movies, videos, TV and hundreds of other programs that can satisfy every taste. Communicators are a true entertainment and communication center. But, unfortunately, they are not widespread, since they are difficult to manage.

Ease of use is the main problem of all gadgets. So far - this is finger control, voice control, sensors. But there is hope that the time will come and the gadget itself will think about how to fulfill your desire.

Modern electronic devices have firmly taken their place in modern life, filling all niches, from watches with calculators to laptops and tablets. In a few years, these gadgets will give way to not only multifunctional, but also smart devices. As it continues to evolve, the device will become the user's advisor and personal secretary. It will be able to solve many questions without reminding, as well as give advice in various situations. Now we use all the advantages of electronic assistants, feeling significant discomfort when, for some reason, we are left without them.

Thus, modern electronic devices play a large positive role in the life of a modern person, becoming his indispensable assistant in all areas of life.

2. The impact of electronic gadgets on children's health.

It was said above about the positive role of electronic gadgets in the life of a modern person. Let's consider in more detail what are the disadvantages of using gadgets, especially for children.

We all live in the modern world, and modern life places quite high demands on a person. Already in primary school, the student will need knowledgecomputer , therefore, prohibiting his acquaintance with various electronic devices, of course, is not prudent. But the uncontrolled use of gadgets by children also does not lead to good, so gadgets should be in the life of children, but dosed and under parental control.

How do electronic devices affect children's health? First of all, vision deteriorates if the child often sits on the Internet or plays computer games.According to experts, in children at an early age, vision "sits down" very quickly, in about six months, but it is not always amenable to restoration. Therefore, parents should make sure that the child does not live in an "embrace" with the gadget, but still plays and develops in the real world.

The result of a child's constant communication with modern technology is a sedentary lifestyle. Children who constantly play electronic games on a tablet or laptop hardly move. They sit with their favorite gadgets, often hunched over. All this provokes a curvature of the spine, there are problems with posture. This problem is not only aesthetic, but also physiological, because the spine plays a very important role in the health of all human organs.

Finally, interactive entertainment often leads to headaches, since static tension is primarily felt by the neck muscles. This squeezes blood vessels and reduces the flow of oxygenated blood to the brain. Hence the headaches, which disappear only after a good physical warm-up or an active walk in the fresh air.

Cons, of course, also in the damage to mental health.

First, there is a lag in the development of speech. In recent years, both parents and teachers are increasingly complaining about delays in speech development: children begin to speak later, speak little and badly, their speech is poor and primitive. Special speech therapy help is needed in almost every kindergarten group.

However, what does a computer or tablet have to do with it? After all, a child sitting at the screen constantly hears speech. Doesn't saturation with audible speech contribute to speech development? What difference does it make who is talking to a child - an adult or a cartoon character?The difference is huge. Speech is not an imitation of other people's words and not memorizing speech stamps. Mastering speech at an early age occurs only in live, direct communication, when the child not only listens to other people's words, but responds to another person when he himself is included in the dialogue. Moreover, it is turned on not only by hearing and articulation, but by all its actions, thoughts and feelings. In order for a child to speak, it is necessary that speech be included in his concrete practical actions, in his real impressions and, most importantly, in his communication with adults.

Modern children for the most part use too little speech in communication with close adults, because they absorb information from the Internet, TV programs, which do not require their response, do not react to their attitude and which he himself cannot influence. Tired and silent parents are replaced by a computer or TV screen. But the speech emanating from the screen remains an unintelligible set of other people's sounds, it does not become "our own." Therefore, children prefer to be silent, or use shouts or gestures.

It has become difficult for many children to perceive information by ear - they cannot hold the previous phrase and connect individual sentences, understand, grasp their meaning. Hearing speech does not evoke images and stable impressions in them; they need a ready-made visual image. Therefore, they are simply not interested, it is boring to read even the best children's books.

Another fact noted by many researchers is a sharp decrease in the fantasy and creative activity of children. Children lose the ability and desire to occupy themselves independently, to play meaningfully and creatively. They make no effort to invent new games, to compose fairy tales, to create their own imaginary world. They are not interested in communicating with each other. Scientists have noticed that communication with peers is becoming more superficial and formal: children have nothing to talk about, nothing to discuss or argue about. They prefer to press a button and wait for new ready-made entertainment. Own independent, meaningful activity is not only blocked, but does not develop and does not even arise, does not appear.

But, perhaps, the clearest evidence of the growth of this inner emptiness is the increase in childish cruelty and aggressiveness. Of course, boys have always fought, but the quality of children's aggressiveness has changed recently. Previously, when sorting out the relationship in the schoolyard, the fight ended as soon as the enemy was lying on the ground, i.e. defeated. It was enough to make me feel like a winner. In our time, the winner with pleasure kicks the recumbent, having lost all sense of proportion. Empathy, pity, helping the weak are less and less common. Cruelty and violence become something common and familiar, the feeling of a threshold of permissiveness is erased. At the same time, children are not aware of their own actions and do not foresee their consequences.

Child psychologists believe that the abuse of gadgets leads to the formation of addiction, when a child tries to devote all his free time to computer games and online watching cartoons, refusing other entertainment. Having lost their favorite electronic device, children begin to feel uncomfortable and capricious. But, on the other hand, such dependence appears only if the baby has no alternative interests. Being constantly at home without specific activities, it is easier for a child to spend free time on a computer. But as soon as other entertainments appear (walks, circles, games with parents), he can do without gadgets quite easily.

But is it really the blue screen and the computer? Yes, if we are talking about a small child, a schoolboy who is not ready to adequately perceive information from the screen. When the home screen absorbs their strength and attention, when the tablet replaces play, active actions and communication with close adults for them, it certainly has a powerful formative, or rather deforming, influence on the formation of the psyche and personality of a growing person.

Childhood is a period of intensive formation of the inner world, building a person's personality. It is almost impossible to change or make up for lost time during this period in the future. The age of early and preschool childhood (up to 6-7 years) is the period of origin and formation of the most basic human abilities, on which the entire building of a person's personality will be built and supported.

Thus, the above does not mean that it is necessary to exclude a computer, a tablet from the life of children. It is impossible and pointless. But in preschool and early school age, when the inner life of the child is just taking shape, the screen carries a serious danger. The use of modern electronic gadgets in childhood should be strictly dosed, under the supervision of parents, and even better with them, the whole familywatch and discuss the events taking place on the screen and empathize with their heroes.

II. The practical part.

Goal:

To study the influence of modern gadgets on the human body.

Hypothesis: gadgets have a detrimental effect on children's health.

Tasks:

Find out what place gadgets occupy in the life of our school students.

For this purpose, we conducted a survey among students in grades 5-10. The survey was attended by 266 people - 82% of students. The survey data are entered in the table (Appendices 1-5).

Most students have almost all gadgets at home. The first gadgets were purchased at the age of 5-6 for children in grades 5-6 (16-17%), and for students in grades 8-10 - at the age of 7-8 (20-29%). 54-58% of students have access to the Internet on their mobile phones. The majority of the surveyed (39-53%) children use gadgets as a means of communication.

Despite the fact that the students in the questionnaire indicated the negative impact of electronic gadgets on the human body, they spend a lot of time with them (9-48% - more than 6 hours). It is alarming that during breaks, many students, especially grades 5-6, spend their time with gadgets, move little, which affects their health.

It is gratifying that the children in grades 5-6 have friends in the class, the same cannot be said about high school students (8-10% of students have no friends in the class).

Children of 5-6 grades spend their free time on the street - they play football, visit the playroom (inside the school yard and in the courtyards of houses No. 26,28) and the sports ground of our school. Students in grades 8.10 have time left for communication (Vkontakte), phones, etc. Pupils of grade 10 are most interested in school affairs (60%). Most students love to play and watch computer games and various TV shows. Students of 8th grade (44%) believe that gadgets help schoolchildren in their studies, and the rest - students in grades 5,6,10 (51-63%) - are useful as a means of communication.

On the eve of the New Year, the guys want to receive different gifts from Santa Claus:

Grade 5.6 students- more than half of the children - new electronic gadgets with accessories (probably explained by the topic of the survey), as well as a moped, bicycle, skates, etc.

Grade 8 students -high-speed internet, electronic gadgets, Wi-Fi connection, trips to different cities, etc.

Grade 10 students -they did not express any special desires (probably, realizing that this is just a survey), but they still need: trips to different cities of Russia, gadgets (1-2 people), a lot of money.

2. To study how gadgets affect the development of speech, communication and socialization of children.

Hypothesis: poor development of oral speech in those children who were familiar with gadgets from an early age (games on the tablet and mobile phone).

We turned to the teachers of the Russian language for help.

They provided us with information on 5 "d" and 5 "d" classes. The 5th grade program provides for a reading technique test. The normal reading speed should be 110 words per minute. Criteria: for "3" -80-92 words, for "4" -94-110 words, for "5" -115-170 words.

The analysis of this table (Appendix 6.7) shows that out of 20 children in the 5th "d" grade - 6 (30%) people read in "3", 4 (20%) -on "4", 9 (50%) -on "5".

Of the 21 students in the 5th grade, they read in "3" - 5 (23%), on "4" - 9 (42%), on "5" - 5 (26%), on "2" - 2 ( nine%).

Conclusion: Those guys who read on "3" and "2" spend a lot of time at the computer, tablet, playing electronic games. For the development of speech, they need to read a lot, to develop the reading speed. And also to communicate more with their peers, at home in the family and devote less time to entertainment on electronic gadgets.

II. We used the data of monitoring studies in 5 grades of secondary school №37. Since September 1, 2011, all educational institutions in Russia have switched to the New Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education (FSES NOE). In this regard, on October 20, 2015, a monitoring study of the quality of primary general education was held in our school to identify meta-subject results in 5 grades in mathematics, the world around us and the Russian language. Students of the 5th grade took part in this research.

Analysis of the tasks performed revealed the following:

The world

Typical errors identified in the process of checking student answers:

1. lack of reasoning - could not give a detailed answer;

2. do not know how to classify objects on the basis of given classifications according to schemes - they could not find the correct descriptions of plants and animals;

3. from the text, students were unable to identify the similarities and differences between different objects (water and ice);

Mathematics

Typical mistakes:

1. inability to analyze the text of the task and establish a connection between the text and model description of the situation;

2. inability to analyze a non-standard situation;

3. inability to analyze the text;

Russian language

Typical mistakes:

1. They do not know how to express their point of view.

2. They often give monosyllabic answers.

3. Reasoning, evidence base is missing.

Conclusion: The subjects are different, but the typical mistakes are the same: children are not attentive, do not read the assignments, do not understand the essence of the questions posed, which indicates the lack of development of reading competencies and logical thinking, skills of comparative analysis of various sources of information. Among the guys who have the typical mistakes named above, many abuse the computer, tablet and other gadgets.

Conclusion

Based on the study, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. Obviously, in most families, electronic gadgets are actively used to accompany the early development of a child. Most of the time in the life of our students is occupied by gadgets. They spend a lot of time playing games on the phone, on a tablet, spending time on social networks (for example, Vkontakte), rather than reading books, communicating with peers.

2. One of the reasons for the poor development of oral speech is the excessive enthusiasm of children for gadgets, which affects the reading technique, retelling and oral answers in lessons in various subjects. In addition, it affects the communication and socialization of the child. And most importantly, it negatively affects the student's academic performance. This can be seen from the analysis of the monitoring research in various subjects.

3. As a result of the abuse of gadgets in children, vision deteriorates, posture is disturbed, headaches occur, they suffer from hypodynamia, speech development is delayed, and psychological dependence occurs.

For effective communication with peers, the child must be able to organize interaction with children, listen and hear the interlocutor, understand the specifics of the communication situation and get out of the conflict, adequately respond to the actions and statements of others. These communication skills can only be mastered in the process of communication in the family, at school with classmates, teachers in the classroom and friends.

1. Use electronic gadgets as needed, strictly dosing the time of use.

2. Spend more time reading fiction.

3. Frequent games on the tablet, phone to replace communication with classmates, friends and relatives in the family.

4. Engage in accessible sports, various group games.

5. Attend exhibitions, theaters and other cultural events with the whole family, class, with friends.

List of used literature

1. Karpov A.M., Chudnovsky E.V., Gerasimova V.V. and others. Computer activity of children is a risk factor for mental and personality disorders. Abstracts of the III International Symposium "Phenomena of Nature and Human Ecology". - Kazan, 1997 .-- S. 201-202.

2. Materials of the site www.autisminrussia.ru

3. Kerdellan K., Grezillon G. Processor children: how the Internet and video games shape tomorrow's adults. Per. with fr. A. Lushanova. - Yekaterinburg: U-Factoria, 2006 .-- 272 p.

4. Samokhvalova A.G. Child's communication difficulties: problems, diagnosis, correction. - SPb: Rech, 2011 .-- 432 p.

5. Elkonin D.B. Psychology of the game. 2nd ed. - M .: VLADOS, 1999 .-- 360 p.

6.Materials of the site http.mfvt.ru

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