What are the image formats? Graphic formats. Vector type of graphic images

Graphic file formats. Raster and vector formats.

TIFF format

TIFF(English Tagged Image File Format) - a format for storing raster graphic images. TIFF has become a popular format for storing images with high color depth. It is used in scanning, faxing, text recognition, printing, and is widely supported by graphics applications.

Structure The format is flexible and allows you to save images in paletted color mode, as well as in various color spaces:

• Binary (two-color, sometimes called black and white)
• Halftone
• With indexed palette
• CMYK
• YCbCr
• CIE Lab

8, 16, 32 and 64 bits per channel modes are supported.

Compression. It is possible to save an image in a TIFF file with or without compression. Compression levels depend on the characteristics of the image being saved, as well as on the algorithm used. The TIFF format allows the following compression algorithms:

• PackBits (RLE)
• Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW)
• LZ77
• JBIG
• JPEG
• CCITT Group 3, CCITT Group 4

The CCITT Group 3, CCITT Group 4 algorithms were originally developed for fax networks (hence why they are sometimes called Fax 3, Fax 4). Currently they are also used in printing, digital mapping systems and geographic information systems.

TIFF is a tagged format and uses basic, extended and special tags:

Basic tags form the core of the format and must be supported by all products that implement the TIFF format according to the specification. Support for extended tags, unlike basic ones, is optional.

JPEG format

JPEG(English: Joint Photographic Experts Group, after the name of the developer organization) is one of the popular graphic formats used for storing photographic images. Files containing JPEG data typically have the extensions .jpeg, .jfif, .jpg, .JPG, or .JPE. The JPEG algorithm allows for both lossy and lossless image compression.

The JPEG algorithm is most suitable for compressing photographs and paintings containing realistic scenes with smooth transitions of brightness and color. JPEG is most widely used in digital photography and for storing and transmitting images using the Internet.

On the other hand, JPEG of little use for compressing drawings, text and character graphics where sharp contrasts between adjacent pixels result in noticeable artifacts. It is advisable to save such images in lossless formats such as TIFF, GIF or PNG.

JPEG (as well as other distortion compression methods) doesn't fit for image compression during multi-stage processing, since distortions will be introduced into the images each time intermediate processing results are saved. JPEG should not be used in cases where even minimal losses are unacceptable, for example, when compressing astronomical or medical images.

TO shortcomings compression according to the JPEG standard should include the appearance of characteristic artifacts in restored images at high compression rates: the image is scattered into blocks of 8x8 pixels (this effect is especially noticeable in image areas with smooth changes in brightness), in areas with high spatial frequency (for example, on contrasting contours and image boundaries), artifacts appear in the form of noise halos.

However, despite its shortcomings, JPEG received very wide use due to a fairly high compression ratio, support for compression of full-color images and relatively low computational complexity.

PDF format

PDF(English: Portable Document Format) is a cross-platform electronic document format created by Adobe Systems using a number of features of the PostScript language. Most often, a PDF file is a combination of text with raster and vector graphics, less often - text with forms, JavaScript, 3D graphics and other types of elements. First of all intended for electronic presentation of printed products - a significant amount of modern professional printing equipment can process PDF directly. To view, you can use the official free Adobe Reader program, as well as third-party programs. The traditional way of creating PDF documents is a virtual printer, that is, the document as such is prepared in its own specialized program - a graphics program or text editor, CAD, etc., and then exported to PDF format for electronic distribution, transfer to a printing house and etc. PDF.

The PDF format allows you to embed the necessary fonts (line-by-line text), vector and raster images, forms and multimedia inserts. Supports RGB, CMYK, Grayscale, Lab, Duotone, Bitmap, several types of raster information compression. It has its own technical formats for printing: PDF/X-1, PDF/X-3. Includes an electronic signature mechanism to protect and verify the authenticity of documents. A large amount of related documentation is distributed in this format.

CALS format

Raster CALS format(English Computer Aided Acquisition and Logistics Support) standard developed by a division of the US Department of Defense to standardize the exchange of graphic data in electronic form, especially in the areas of technical graphics, CAD/CAM and image processing applications.

CALS is a well-documented, if unwieldy, format that attempts to cover a lot of ground. If you are not familiar with US government documents, you may find working with this format quite difficult. The CALS raster format is required in most applications that process US government documents. Since all data has a byte organization, problems like “from which end to break an egg, blunt or sharp,” never arise.

Characteristics of the CALS format

• Type - Bitmap (bit matrix)
• Color - monochrome
• Compression - CCITT Group 4 or no compression
• Maximum image size - unlimited
• Multiple images per file - yes, Type II only
• Platforms - everything

BMP format

BMP(from the English Bitmap Picture) is a raster image storage format developed by Microsoft. A huge number of programs work with the BMP format, since its support is integrated into the Windows and OS/2 operating systems. BMP files can have extensions .bmp, .dib and .rle.

The color depth in this format can be 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 48 bits per pixel, but 2 bits per pixel is not officially supported. In this case, for color depths less than 16 bits, a palette with full-color components with a depth of 24 bits is used. In the BMP format, images can be stored as is or using some common compression algorithms. In particular, the BMP format supports RLE compression without loss of quality, and modern operating systems and software allow the use of JPEG and PNG.

PCX format

PCX(PCExchange) - a standard for the presentation of graphic information, a not so popular analogue of BMP, although it is supported by specific graphic editors such as Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw, GIMP, etc. Currently, it is practically replaced by formats that support better compression: GIF, JPEG and PNG .

Format type- raster. Most files of this type use a standard color palette, but the format has been expanded to accommodate 24-bit images. PCX is a hardware-dependent format. Designed to store information in a file in the same form as in the video card. For compatibility with older programs, the video controller must support EGA mode. This compression algorithm is very fast and takes up a small amount of memory, but is not very efficient and impractical for compressing photographs and more detailed computer graphics. Lossless compression is used. When saving an image, consecutive pixels of the same color are combined and instead of specifying the color for each pixel, the color of the group of pixels and their number are indicated. This algorithm compresses images well that contain areas of the same color.

Advantages of the format

• the ability to create a limited color palette (for example, 16 or 256 colors);
• supported by a large number of applications.

Disadvantages of the format

• does not support color systems other than RGB;
• Numerous options, especially when working with colors, can make working with the file impossible;
• an inconvenient compression scheme may actually increase the size of some files.

PNG format

PNG(English portable network graphics) - a raster format for storing graphic information that uses lossless compression.

Application area

The PNG format is designed to replace the older and simpler GIF format, and to some extent to replace the much more complex TIFF format. PNG format positioned first of all for use on the Internet and graphics editing.

PNG supports There are three main types of raster images:

• Halftone (16-bit color depth)
• Color indexed image (8-bit palette for 24-bit color)
• Full color image (48-bit color depth)

The PNG format stores graphic information in compressed form. Moreover, this compression is performed without losses, unlike, for example, JPEG with losses.The PNG format has a higher compression ratio for files with more colors than GIF, but the difference is about 5-25%, which is not enough for absolute dominance of the format, since the GIF format compresses small 2-16-color files with no less efficiency.

PNG is a good format for image editing, even for storing intermediate stages of editing, since image restoration and resaving takes place without loss of quality.

Animation

There is one feature of GIF that is not implemented in PNG - support for multiple images, especially animation; PNG was originally designed to just store one image in one file.

Sun Raster Format

Image format Sun Raster This is the native raster format of Sun Microsystems platforms using the SunOS operating system. This format supports black-and-white, grayscale, and color raster data of arbitrary color depth. The use of color maps and simple Run-Length data compression are also supported. Typically, most images in the SunOS operating system are in the Sun Raster format. This format is also supported by most UNIX image processing programs.

Characteristics Sun Raster format

• Type - bitmap (bit matrix)
• Colors - various
• Compression - RLE
• Multiple images per file - not supported
• Platform - SunOS
• Applications - many UNIX applications

Graphic file formats

Information in the section on Wikipedia materials

The variety of formats used to record images can be divided into three categories:

Formats that store images in raster form;

Formats that store images in vector form;

Universal formats combining vector and raster representation.

Raster formats

The BMP (BitMap) raster format is designed for use in the Windows operating system. It is used to represent bitmap images in program resources. Supported by all graphic editors running the Windows operating system. The format works with images whose color depth ranges from 1 to 24 bits. Provides the ability to compress data using the RLE method (not recommended due to compatibility issues).

The BMP format is not suitable for printing or web design; it is recommended to be used only for Windows needs (creating icons, desktop backgrounds, etc.).

PCX (PC eXchange) is one of the oldest graphic formats, created for the PC Paintbrush program, the files of which open in almost all graphic editors. Supports monochrome, grayscale, indexed and full color images in the RGB model. Assumes the use of RLE compression. It has a large number of versions, but is currently being actively replaced by other formats.

TIFF (Tagged Image File Format, TIF) is designed as a universal format for storing scanned images. Supports almost all types of images: monochrome, grayscale, indexed and full-color images in RGB and CMYK models with eight- and sixteen-bit channels.

Currently, its scope has expanded significantly; it is one of the most common and reliable graphic formats, versions of which exist for PC and Macintosh. It is supported by almost all major raster and vector graphics packages, publishing systems, as well as text editing and layout programs.

Unlike the formats discussed above, TIF supports a number of additional functions (almost all elements of the structure of Photoshop documents): it saves the multi-layer structure of the document, information about the degree of transparency of pixels, descriptions of clipping paths, mask channels (alpha channels), etc. Provides the ability to compress data according to the LZW algorithm. Today, TIF is the best choice when exporting raster graphics to vector programs and publishing systems.

The GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) format was created specifically for transmitting raster images over global networks. It is compact-oriented, uses the LZW compression algorithm, and interlaces the transmission of graphic data. This allows you to very quickly see a rough version of the image before the file is fully downloaded. The format is used only for its original purpose - on the Internet, since it only supports indexed images.

GIF allows you to save several indexed images in one file, the sequential display of which (by browsers) is a simple animation. The animation file stores not only the frames themselves, but also the parameters for its demonstration. GIF animation is very common on the Internet. In addition, a certain color in the indexed palette can be designated as “transparent” and then the background of the page will be visible in the browser through areas of this color.

The GIF format is very popular. It is supported by almost all raster graphics editors and editors that create images for the web.

The JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) format gets its name from the corresponding compression method. Today, JPEG is one of the most common graphic formats for file compression. Unpacking of data contained in files of this format occurs automatically when the file is opened.

JPEG does not support monochrome (single-bit), indexed, or multi-channel images. It does not have the ability to store layers, masks, or transparency information. When saving a multilayer image in JPEG format, all layers are first combined into one and information about the original layers is lost. In addition, if there were transparent areas in the original image, they will be assigned the color white during the saving process, and the transparency information will be lost.

JPEG is most widely used when creating images for electronic distribution on CDs or the Internet. Not recommended for use in printing. This format should only be used for photographic images. Drawings with sharp edges and large filled areas show strong compression defects. This results in "dirt" appearing around dark lines on a light background and visible square areas. Even when working exclusively with photographic images, it is better to use JPEG only to save the final version of the work, because each intermediate save leads to new data losses (discards).

The PCD (Photo CD) format is used in publishing systems as a format for image sources. Most photo library manufacturers use this format on their CDs. PCD has a number of features that determine its use specifically in the field of creating photo collections.

A PCD file contains an image in several fixed resolutions at once. Base resolution 512x768 pixels is used for viewing on NTSC and PAL TVs. In addition, there are lower resolutions Base/4, Base/16 and higher resolutions 4Base, 16Base, 64Base (on Pro Master standard discs). When opening an image in PCD format, you can select any of the given resolutions, which avoids lengthy loading and subsequent scaling.

The images on the Photo CD are presented in a special YCC color model, much like Lab. The YCC model is useful for compressing information, but is not supported by most applications. When you open files in this format, graphics programs immediately convert the YCC color model to grayscale, RGB or Lab. Popular graphic editors are not able to save images in PCD format, but can only open them.

PSD (PhotoShop Document) is a proprietary format of Adobe Photoshop. The only format that supports all the features of this program. It is preferable for storing intermediate results of image editing (if the editing was done in Photoshop), as it completely preserves their structure (layers, channels, masks, texts, transparency and much more). The PSD format can store images of any type: monochrome, grayscale, indexed, full color, multi-channel. As the program became more popular and widespread, the format acquired some versatility and can now be easily opened by most applications. The disadvantages of the format include the lack of compression capabilities.

The PNG (Portable Network Graphics) format, like GIF, is designed for transmitting images over the network.

The format supports grayscale and full-color RGB images with a single alpha channel, as well as monochrome and indexed

bathroom images without alpha channels. The alpha channel serves as a transparency mask. Thus, PNG is the only format common on the Internet that allows you to obtain full-color images with a transparent background. In addition, to speed up the appearance of the image on the screen, PNG uses a two-dimensional interlaced output mode (not only rows, but also columns). PNG uses a lossless compression algorithm based on LZW compression.

FLM (Filmstrip) is Adobe Premier's own format, a video editing and presentation program. Photoshop allows you to open and edit footage created in Adobe Premier.

Brief summary: Graphic data compression methods. Saving images in standard formats, as well as proprietary formats of graphics programs. Convert files from one format to another.

Target: know compression methods for graphic files, be able to distinguish between graphic file formats and understand the advisability of using them when working with various graphics programs.

An image is characterized by the maximum number of colors that can be used in it, that is, have different color depth. There are types of images with different color depths - black and white line, grayscale, indexed color, full color. Some types of images have the same color depth but differ in color model. The image type is determined when the document is created.

Halftone images.

These images contain pixels of the same color but different brightness. Each pixel can take on 256 different brightness values ​​from 0 (black) to 255 (white). This is quite enough to correctly display an image, for example, a black and white photograph.

Any image can be turned into halftone. If the source material is, for example, a color photograph, then it will become monochrome.

Rice. 1.7.

Images with indexed colors

Indexed colors are so called because in this mode, each pixel in the image is assigned an index pointing to a specific color from a special table called a color palette. Indexed palettes do not contain more than 256 colors, but there may be much less. The fewer colors in the palette, the less memory is required to store the color of each pixel and, therefore, the smaller the image file size.

Rice. 1.8.

Full color images

Full-color images have no restrictions on the number of colors and can be represented in more than 16 million shades.

Rice. 1.9.

Graphic file formats

Format- the structure of the file, which determines the way it is stored and displayed on the screen or when printed. The file format is usually indicated in its name, as a part separated by a dot (usually this part is called the file name extension).

Extension- these are several letters or numbers located after the dot in the file name.

For example, the name ending (extension) ".txt" is usually used to denote files containing only text information, and ".doc" - containing text information structured in accordance with Microsoft Word program standards. Files whose contents follow the same format are called single file types.

Graphic file formats determine the method of storing information in the file (raster, vector), as well as the form of storing information (compression algorithm used).

Compression is used for raster graphics files because... they have a fairly large volume.

Table 1 provides a brief description of commonly used graphic file formats.

Table 1.1.

Characteristics of graphic formats	Format	Picture Mode	Type of graphic information
Application	VMR	Indexed colors only	Applique-type drawings containing large areas of solid color.
TIFF	The format is supported by all applications. Not used in publishing due to the large volume of files.	All	Diagram type drawings
A universal format for storing scanned images with color channels. Includes compression schemes to reduce file size. An important advantage of the format is its portability to different platforms. In its traditional form, TIFF can be considered the preferred format for producing layouts aimed at typographic printing and other methods of replication.	PSD	Supports all image types	Any images
JPEG	It is internal to the Adobe PhotoShop program. The only format in which all document information is saved, including layers and channels. However, it is better to save the finished image in other graphic formats for two reasons. Firstly, the PSD file is much larger in size. Secondly, this format is not imported by layout and object graphics programs.	Only full color images in RGB and CMYK models	Full photographs or examples of artistic graphics, including subtle tints of colors.
Designed to save point files with compression. Compression using this method reduces the file size from tenths of a percent to a hundred times (the practical range is from 5 to 15 times), but compression in this format occurs with quality losses (within acceptable limits). A very effective compression algorithm has led to the widest distribution of JPEG on the World Wide Web. The use of this format in printing is not recommended.	GIF	Indexed images only	Diagram-type drawings - images have large areas of uniform coloring with clearly defined boundaries; animated images
PNG	Designed specifically for transmitting images over global networks. It has the most efficient compression method, which is necessary to reduce image transmission time. The new version allows storing multiple images in one file. This feature is most often used on Web pages. The Web browser displays the images in the GIF file sequentially.	Supports full color RGB images and indexed images.	The very name of the format, Portable Network Graphics, speaks about its purpose - for transmitting images over networks. It is possible to use a single additional channel to store a transparency mask. Has an effective compression algorithm without loss of information. The format is used on the Web.
EPS	The format is supported by all applications. Not used in publishing due to the large volume of files.	Vector graphics, fonts, rasterized images	Used in printing. It is possible to store screening information, contours and calibration curves.

There are two types of graphic files, raster and vector, which have different formats.

1. raster graphics files correspond to the formats *.bmp, *.tif, *psd, *.gif, *.png, *.jpg;
2. vector graphics file corresponds to the formats *.wmf, *.eps, *.cdr, *.ai

Knowledge of file formats is the basis for working with digital photographs. they determine how the information is stored in the file (raster or vector), as well as the form in which the information is stored (the compression algorithm used). Compression is used for raster graphics files, since they are usually quite large. Compressing graphic files differs from archiving them using archiving programs (gag, zip, arj, etc.) in that the compression algorithm is included in the graphic file format.

Basic graphic file formats

RAW

Translated from English - raw. The format used in the photo processing process contains raw information that comes directly from the camera sensor and does not have a clear specification. These files are not processed by the camera's processor (unlike JPG) and contain original shooting information. RAW can be compressed without losing quality. Unlike JPG, which was processed in the camera and already saved with data compression, RAW gives the widest possibilities for processing photographs and preserves maximum quality.

In other words, the RAW format refers to data obtained directly from the matrix without processing.

Different camera manufacturers use different algorithms to create RAW in their cameras. Each manufacturer comes up with its own resolution for its RAW file - NEF, NRW - Nikon; CRW, CR2 – Canon.

JPEG (or JPG)

This is the most common graphics file format. JPEG has earned its popularity due to its flexible data compression capabilities. If necessary, the image can be saved with maximum quality. Or compress it to the minimum file size for transmission over the network. When saving a JPEG file, you can specify the degree of quality, and therefore the degree of compression, which is usually specified in some conventional units, for example, from 1 to 100 or from 1 to 10. A larger number corresponds to better quality, but the file size increases. Usually, the difference in quality between 90 and 100 is practically not perceived by eye.

JPEG uses a lossy compression algorithm. What does this give us? An obvious disadvantage of such a system is the loss of image quality every time a file is saved. On the other hand, image compression simplifies data transfer by 10 times. In practice, saving a photo with minimal compression does not result in any visible degradation in image quality. That is why JPG is the most common and popular format for storing graphic files.

TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)

TIFF format is a format for storing raster graphics. It was originally developed by Aldus in collaboration with Microsoft for use with PostScript. It allows you to save photos in various color spaces (RBG, CMYK, YCbCr, CIE Lab, etc.) and with high color depth (8, 16, 32 and 64 bits). TIFF is used in scanning, faxing, text recognition, printing, and is widely supported by graphics applications. It is possible to save an image in a TIFF file with or without compression. Compression levels depend on the characteristics of the image being saved, as well as on the algorithm used. Unlike JPG, a TIFF image will not lose quality every time the file is saved. But, unfortunately, it is precisely because of this that TIFF files weigh many times more than JPG.

PSD (Photoshop Document)

Photoshop Document (PSD) is an original raster format for storing graphic information, using lossless compression, created specifically for Adobe Photoshop and supporting all its capabilities. It allows you to save a bitmap image with many layers, any color depth and in any color space. Most often, the format is used to save intermediate or final results of complex processing with the ability to change individual elements. PSD also supports compression without loss of quality. But the abundance of information that a PSD file can contain greatly increases its weight.

BMP (Bit MaP image)

Bit MaP image (BMP) is a universal raster graphics file format used in the Windows operating system. This format is supported by many graphic editors, including the Paint editor. Recommended for storing and exchanging data with other applications. The BMP format is one of the first graphic formats. It is recognized by any program that works with graphics. BMP stores data with a color depth in this format from 1 to 48 bits per pixel, the maximum image dimensions are 65535 × 65535 pixels. At the moment, the BMP format is practically not used either on the Internet (JPG weighs several times less) or in printing (TIFF copes with this task better).

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)

format for storing raster graphics. The GIF format is capable of storing compressed data without loss of quality in a format of up to 256 colors. Includes a lossless compression algorithm that allows you to reduce the file size by several times. An image in GIF format is stored line by line; only the format with an indexed color palette is supported. Recommended for storage; images created programmatically (diagrams, graphs, etc.) and drawings (such as appliqué) with a limited number of colors (up to 256). Used to place graphic images on Web pages on the Internet.

PNG (Portable network graphics)

A raster format for storing graphic information using lossless compression. PNG was created to both improve upon and replace the GIF format with a graphics format that does not require a license for use. Unlike GIF, PNG has alpha channel support and the ability to store an unlimited number of colors. PNG compresses data without loss, which makes it very convenient for storing intermediate versions of image processing. Used to place graphic images on Web pages on the Internet.

JPEG 2000 (or jp2)

A graphic format that, instead of the discrete cosine transform characteristic of JPEG, uses wavelet transform technology, which is based on representing the signal as a superposition of some basic functions - wave packets. As a result of this compression, the image is smoother and clearer, and the file size is reduced by another 30% compared to JPEG at the same quality. In simple terms, for the same quality, JPEG 2000 file size is 30% smaller than JPG. When highly compressed, JPEG 2000 does not break the image into squares characteristic of the JPEG format. Unfortunately, at the moment this format is not very widespread and is supported only by Safari and Mozilla/Fireox browsers (via Quicktime).

WMF (Windows MetaFile)

A universal format of vector graphics files for Windows applications. Used to store a collection of Microsoft Clip Gallery graphics.

CDR (CorelDRaw files)

An original vector graphics file format used in the CorelDraw vector graphics processing system.

AI (AdobeIllustrator files)

An original vector graphics file format used in the AdobeIllustrator vector graphics processing system.

EPS (Encapsulated PostScript)

The format of vector graphics files is supported by programs for various operating systems.

Here are almost all the most common ones graphic file formats, which a self-respecting photographer and designer should know.

It was last Friday, but it was not possible to write a Friday post under N3. The reason is banal - lack of free time due to the housing issue and a number of other problems. But this Friday there will be a photo for sure. It already exists and was ready for publication yesterday, but I still decided to spend my free evening time on renovation work in the apartment. Therefore, if you haven’t watched it, be sure to watch it and cheer yourself up.

Let's return to the topic of the post, or rather to the question, what picture formats are there? In general the word "picture" I don't like it in relation to photography. But this is exactly how this question sounds very often, so I decided to leave everything unchanged. I'll just make one clarification. Since a photograph is a raster image, this post will only talk about raster graphics formats.

At all graphic formats— a set of rules for processing received graphic data for the purpose of their further storage or editing. As they say in the lines of V. Mayakovsky “All professions are needed, all professions are important”... The same can be said for image formats.

The developers offer a lot raster formats, intended for storing files. Among the most frequently used are the following: BMP, TIFF, GIF, JPEG, PNG, PSD, ICO.So, let's look at some of the pros and cons, as well as the scope of application of the listed raster image formats.

Raster image formats

• BMP-(abbreviation for Bit Map image) represents standard raster format and has a universal purpose. It is supported by most graphics editors, including the fairly common one Paint. Initially, coding in it was performed in the simplest way, using . But this turned out to be wasteful, since each pixel was represented by only one byte. Consequently, only 256 colors became available, which significantly limited the ability to transmit images. Later it was improved somewhat. Bit Map image almost optimal for storing data and sharing it with other similar applications. But, at the same time, it takes up too much memory space, since it is necessary to save the encoding of all image points. File BMP Does not support animation or interlaced display.
• TIFF— (from Tagged Image File Format)– universal for publishing systems and topographic graphics. Such raster image formats provide high quality printing. They were created to support almost all programs designed to work with bitmap files, so they are compatible with all platforms. Widely used TIFF in printing and publishing. Files (scanned images, illustrations, faxes, etc.) with the extension .tif stored in this powerful format for later color printing, although monochrome printing is also available - in views CMYK And RGB. It is not used for publishing pictures on a computer network or when creating websites, because it is quite large in size. It is also unsuitable for animation.
• Designed to save point files with compression. Compression using this method reduces the file size from tenths of a percent to a hundred times (the practical range is from 5 to 15 times), but compression in this format occurs with quality losses (within acceptable limits). A very effective compression algorithm has led to the widest distribution of JPEG on the World Wide Web. The use of this format in printing is not recommended.— (according to the first letters of Graphic Interchamge Format)serves for storageraster images in graphicsand for sharing them. It is one of the “oldest” on the Internet and has been in circulation for a long time, despite the fact that it uses indexed colors (in a limited set). Files with the extension.gifwidely used in the design of Web sites. Among the main advantagesGraphic Interchamge Format It is worth mentioning that the appearance of the image does not depend on the underlying platform or the type of browser, and compression occurs without loss of information. This format displays high-quality drawings with a small amount of uniform colors, drawings, transparent pictures and animation.Designed to save point files with compression. Compression using this method reduces the file size from tenths of a percent to a hundred times (the practical range is from 5 to 15 times), but compression in this format occurs with quality losses (within acceptable limits). A very effective compression algorithm has led to the widest distribution of JPEG on the World Wide Web. The use of this format in printing is not recommended.small in size, so it loads quickly, which is important when creating HTML pages. But still, the format has a significant drawback - it has a small range of colors, which limits its capabilities when storing images that have smooth transitions.
• JPEG— (abbreviation for Joint Photographic Expert Group) helps get rid of the flaws that arise when creating and saving images in GIFs. This uses a compression method for photographs or other images. These raster graphics file formats are the most common when storing multi-color pictures. Compressing images (they are stored in files marked .jpg) is performed in a smooth mode, which ensures a high degree of processing and reduces data loss. On the hard drive in JPEG It’s convenient to save a significant number of pictures, in particular large photographs with smooth transitions. This allows you to significantly save disk space. Also using JPEG It is possible to publish photos of quite acceptable quality on a computer network. But it should be taken into account that during compression some of the data is lost, and when saving the same image again, the chances of irreversible loss of information increase. In this regard, the situation is greatly improved by the improved version of the format - JPEG 2000. True, it is not supported by all browsers, which slows down its spread.
• PNG— (portable network graphics) allows you to store raster graphics in a lossless compressed form, and the files are smaller in size than GIF. In format PNG Almost any color, as well as transparency, is available. This circumstance opens up wide possibilities in web design. Now it is constantly popular because it is compatible with all platforms, supports interlaced display, has a significant color gamut, and supports animation.
• Domestic PSD raster graphics formats (short for PhotoShop Document) are intended for program packages. They support all types of images, as well as their layers during processing. Saved in files marked with extension .psd.

There are others raster graphics formats, which were not discussed in the article, but you can write about them in the comments, without forgetting about the competition!