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Windows xp does not load. How to run Windows XP recovery when problems arise. Boot record defect

Windows XP does not boot for very many reasons, if information is displayed on a black screen, then you can judge a malfunction by it. For example, when you see Bootmgr is missing, your boot record along with the bootloader has crashed, which means you are here. For violations of the Windows XP registry, such an inscription missing or damaged.Or and there is such information.The Boot.ini file is incorrectly edited-\u003e or do you need it Or maybe when loading ... For each problem, our response will be very different, so I would like to know more about everything that happened to you. By the way, one of our last articles- , can help you too.

Windows XP won't load

First, let's try to solve our problems with starting Windows XP by using Last Known Good Configuration, it restores the system registry and driver settings that were used at the last successful boot of the system.

You need to restart your computer and press a key at startup. Then select the item " Load Last Known Good Configuration"And press. You have one attempt at restoring the last known good configuration.
Let's say nothing happened, then try restarting the computer again. When prompted "Select an operating system to start", you need to press the key and boot into safe mode, then click Start-\u003e Programs-\u003e Accessories-\u003e System Tools-\u003e System Restore. In Safe Mode, only the "Restore an earlier computer state" option is available, since it is already selected by default, just click "Next". Then select a restore point and start the restore process, the full article is here.
There is one clever way to restore the boot of Windows XP, create an additional partition on the hard disk or take another hard disk and install a new copy of Windows XP there, the boot files will be overwritten anyway and you can choose between the new operating system and the old one, which by the way should boot. then delete the new one or exclude it from the boot menu.

Most boot problems are due to the absence of system files, first of all: Boot.ini, NTLDR, Ntdetect.com, which are usually damaged or deleted due to a virus, or other numerous reasons.

It is not uncommon for users to have the Windows XP operating system does not load... As a rule, this happens, it is not clear why, since until recently the OS was loaded normally, and at a later moment problems arose.

There can be many reasons for this, there are a number of the most common reasons why the OS stops loading. Also, you should pay attention to how exactly the OS is not loaded, whether it is not loaded at all, or stops loading after the appearance of the Windows XP logo with a progress bar.

In the event that the operating system does not boot at all (the XP logo does not appear), then there may be 3 probable sources of the problem.

First of all: you should check how well the HDD is connected to the motherboard, since it often happens that the operating system stops loading because the computer simply does not see the HDD. In this case, it is enough to simply adjust the connection of the HDD to the motherboard.

Secondly: Make sure the HDD is not defective. You can check the HDD for bad sectors using special programs that are loaded from the BIOS. One of these programs is called Victoria, it allows you to check the HDD for bad sectors from the BIOS. In the event that there are bad sectors in the HDD, we advise you to replace it, and in order to restore old data - contact a professional.

Thirdly: the problem may be in the defective OS. Most often, the OS is damaged due to the operation of viruses. To fix this problem, try reinstalling the OS. If reinstalling the operating system fails, see the steps above. Also, if the problem cannot be identified, we advise you to contact a professional for help - he will identify the source of the problem and fix it as soon as possible.

In the event that the operating system is loaded (the XP logo appears with a progress bar), then there may be 2 probable problems.

First of all: The problem may be a defective computer. In this case, you should check the connections of various devices with the motherboard well.

Secondly: the most common problem in this case is OS defectiveness. This means that the operating system is damaged and for this reason cannot boot. This problem was most likely initiated by a virus. In this case, there are 2 possible solutions, namely: try to restore the system or reinstall the OS.

The second option is more suitable, because even after the system is restored, viruses can remain in the system and initiate damage again. The best solution in such cases is to contact a professional who, in turn, is well versed in such issues and will help you solve the problem as soon as possible.

In the Russian Federation, bookmakers are, by and large, already legal. In 2014, a law was passed, according to which bookmakers cooperating with the CUPIS and working under a license have the right to exist and are subject to certain taxes.

Many offices, thanks to the introduction of this law, were able to open even ground reception points. Also, thanks to the introduction of TsUPIS, privateers can also feel protected, because if a bookmaker detects fraud, it is possible to initiate a criminal case against the latter.

Today the bookmaker's office, which is called Melbet, is rapidly developing. According to its founders, about a million players regularly play here. The target audience of the resource is gamblers from the CIS countries. Let's talk in more detail about this bookmaker, find out what promotions and rates are offered here, and also consider real reviews about the bookmaker.

Description and rating of the bookmaker Melbet

Melbet is one of the most popular bookmakers in the Russian Federation. She is in the top 5 best bookmakers, and has every chance of being in the top three. Players loved this office for its excellent quotes, a large number of entertainment and promotions, and, of course, for fast and fair payments.

The office is registered as Melofon LLC. She has a license №25 of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation. The bookmaker has been working with CUPIS since 2014. The company is a member of the First SRO and is connected to the MCCIS LLC RNKO "Edinaya Kassa". In addition to sports betting, the portal offers other types of entertainment, in particular, there is gambling, e-sports betting, and virtual football.

Melbet com official website - overview of features

Traditionally, I would like to start a review of the official site with a design consideration. In general, we did a good job on the graphics - the portal has nice-looking shades, there are no overly catchy elements, the fonts are readable and moderately large.

At the top of the portal, there is a signboard, slides showing current promotions and tournaments, as well as a form that displays the latest winnings. There you will also find brief information about bonuses, buttons for entering and registering, as well as a button for changing the time zone, odds and interface language.

Opportunities and features of the official portal:

The portal is multilingual. By default, the interface language is Russian, since the target audience of the resource is players from the CIS. However, you can change the interface language if you wish. Over 30 languages \u200b\u200bsupported.
In bookmaker, you can change the display of coefficients. Decimal, English and American systems are supported.
Despite the fact that the portal is operated under license, it may be blocked in some countries. Therefore, the founders decided to introduce mirrors. Copies' addresses are constantly changing, and up-to-date mirrors can be sent via mailing list at the request of the user.
The site is adapted for mobile devices. The mobile version of the resource will be opened automatically if the player tries to enter through a smartphone or tablet.
If desired, anyone can become a partner of a bookmaker's office. Affiliates are paid a part of the amount that referrals lose.
One-click registration is available on the portal. In general, customers are given the opportunity to create a profile in one click, via a smartphone, social network and email.
Melbet has its own mobile application and a downloadable PC client.

Registration and login to your Melbet account

How to fill out the form and register

There are several ways to register on the official website. First, it's worth mentioning the registration restrictions. First, the portal has regional restrictions, that is, the service may be denied to residents of certain countries. But, fortunately, the restrictions do not apply to CIS players.

Secondly, only adult players are allowed to register and play for money. Thirdly, it is strictly forbidden to create multiple accounts. The rules even mention that members of the same family cannot create multiple accounts; they will have to use a common profile.

Registration methods:

By phone number. With this method, you need to enter a phone number, select the currency in which financial transactions will be carried out, and then select the bonus that will be credited after registration. There is also a separate field for entering a promo code, if the player has one. After filling out the registration form, an SMS is sent to the mobile number, the code from which must be indicated. It is also recommended to fill out a profile and, if possible, verify your email.
In 1 click. This method is the simplest and fastest. All that is required of the player is to select the country of residence, currency, bonus, agree to the terms and conditions, and optionally enter a promo code. After that, an account will be created and an account number generated.
By email. This method is the most difficult, but when using it, you do not have to fill out a profile. First, you will need to select a country, region and city of residence. Then you need to enter your last name, first name, select the currency for financial transactions, enter your password, email address and phone number, as well as a promo code.
Through a social network. This method is also very convenient. You just need to choose the currency in which financial transactions will be carried out, and then log in through your VK or OK page.

Identification procedure

In any bookmaker and online casino, when withdrawing large winnings, personal identification is required. But in general, administrators have the right to request the procedure earlier.

In BC Melbet, of course, this procedure is also present. Some users are forced to go through identity and card identification. Let's start by verifying your identity. It is very simple - you need to upload scans or color photographs of an identity document in your personal account. A passport or driver's license will do.

After that, it remains only to wait for the administrator to check the documents. Note that administrators have the right to demand that scans or photos be altered if the inscriptions are unclear or the authenticity of the documents is suspicious. The duration of verification is up to 48 hours. After verification and confirmation of identity, the account receives the verified status. Players noticed that after receiving a verified status, withdrawal requests are checked faster.

Card verification is carried out in a slightly different way. The player needs to photograph the card from both sides to which the withdrawal of funds will be requested. The CVV2 code can certainly be painted over.

The main thing that:

The first 10 and last 4 card numbers were visible.
The name was visible on the face of the card.
The card was linked to the gambler's account. It is strictly forbidden to withdraw money to third-party cards.

How to log in and enter the site

To log in, you need to go to the official website and click on the "Login" button located in the upper sidebar. After that, you need to enter your email address or account ID and password. If the password has been lost, it can be restored via email or mobile phone.

Melbet working mirror for today to bypass blocking

A mirror is an exact copy of the site. The mirror differs only in that it is located on a different server and has a different domain name. Otherwise, there are no differences with the official website of the bookmaker at all. Absolutely all bets are also available through the mirror, as well as the ability to play in an online casino and perform any financial transactions. The copy's functionality and design are also identical.

Unfortunately, mirrors are also blocked regularly. Therefore, the list of copies is constantly updated. Novice gambders often do not understand where to find the addresses of up-to-date mirrors quickly in order to quickly regain access to the site.

There are actually several ways to find addresses:

Bookmaker line and odds

Bookmaker Melbet's line is excellent. More than 30 kinds of sports are available on the portal. You can even bet on esports, UFC, dog racing, crossfit, trotting, roller hockey, cricket, martial arts.

In the line of play, you can filter by sport, league, and also by match time. The events you like can also be added to favorites. This function is useful in that the player can add several matches to his favorites, and then decide how best to bet - on express, single or in general the system.

How to bet on sports at BK Melbet

Prematch betting strategy

Pre-match is a type of bet that is placed before a particular match starts. In a pre-match, quotes do not change as quickly as in live. In the pre-match, you can create express bets, single bets and systems.

Players often wonder if there is a win-win betting system? Experienced privateers claim that there are no win-win pre-match bets. The only way to predict the outcome is to analyze the match, lineups, and previous performances of the athletes. Also, it will not be superfluous to study the forecasts of reputable experts, and only then bet on some outcome.

Bet on a match no more than 5-10% of the bank.
Bet on odds or totals more often.
Do not bet on teams that are not familiar to the player. Many experienced privateers recommend choosing 3-5 favorite teams and bet only on their matches. This is the only way to ensure yourself a plus at a distance.

Live bets during the match

Live bets are bets that are placed already during the match. They differ from pre-match in several ways. Firstly, the range of rates is cut for live. For example, if you can conditionally bet 3-4 million rubles for a pre-match, then in live the limit will be reduced to 1 million rubles. This is done due to the fact that it is easier to predict the outcome in Live, and bookmakers are not ready to lose impressive sums.

Secondly, live quotes are constantly changing. If the coefficient grows, it is highlighted in green, if it falls, then in red. It happens that the quote is highlighted in gray - this means that bets on the outcome are no longer accepted.

It's very simple to place a live bet:

Go to the Live section.
Find the command you want.
Add an outcome or several outcomes to the coupon.
Indicate the size of the bet and confirm the bet.

Express bets and Melbet toto

Multiplier is a bet in which a prediction is made for two or more matches. If at least one match fails, then the express bet is considered to be lost. But in the case of a return, the express is not a losing one, it is just that the coefficient of the event for which the return was made is not taken into account in the calculation.

To place an express bet, you just need to add the required number of events to the coupon, then indicate the amount of the bet and confirm the conclusion of the bet. Recall that express bets can be made both in the pre-match and in live.

When considering bets, it is worth mentioning Melbet Toto. This is the name of the tote, which is held almost daily. What he really is? Toto is a totalizator where you need to place a bet on 15 matches. To win, you need to correctly guess the outcome for at least 9 matches. The more outcomes "pass", the higher the winnings will be. The prize fund consists of player contributions. If there are no winners in the drawing, then the prize fund is transferred to the next drawing.

Mobile version and application Melbet

Download app for Android and IOS

Bookmaker Melbet has a mobile version and mobile applications. The mobile version is a browser version of the site, which is somewhat "lightweight" and differs in interface from the PC version. It is good because it starts automatically if a player visits the site from a smartphone or tablet.

All bets and lists are available in the mobile version, you can also play in Melbet online casino, and even participate in tournaments and sweepstakes, make financial transactions. Note that the mirrors designed for the browser version of the site also work from smartphones / tablets.

Melbet mobile application is better than the mobile browser version. The application consumes less Internet traffic, and it also has built-in automatic anonymizers that allow you to bypass blocking without using mirrors.

Mobile apps support:

Devices with the Android operating system. You can download the apk-file on the official portal in the section "Access to the site".
IOS devices. For them, the installation files should be downloaded from the Apple Market.

Computer program

BC Melbet also has a downloadable client for PC. It is also convenient to use, as it removes the need for anonymizers. In addition, the client does not need to constantly go through authorization. The application is supported by PCs with Windows and MacOS operating systems. You can download the installation file in the section "Access to the site" in the "For Windows" or "For Mac" tab, respectively.

Promo codes, bonuses and freebets for Melbet customers

Previously, to receive bonuses, you had to enter promo codes. Today it is not necessary to do this, rewards are accrued automatically after registration or meeting the necessary conditions.

When registering, the player independently chooses which bun he wants to receive. You can get a free bet of up to $ 30, a 100% deposit bonus (7000 rubles), a welcome package for the casino (this includes five deposit bonuses of 50-200% + 290 free spins).

In addition, there are:

Express of the day. There will be several sporting events to choose from. The player can bet on the express, and in case of his "pass", another 10% will be added to the winnings.
You must start a race that lasts 42 days. It is necessary to collect the express every day, and bet at least 100 rubles, while there should be three or more events in the express. If the player constantly wins, the office will receive promotional codes for every 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of participation in the promotion. You can use the promo code within a week after receiving it. In a multi bet, events must have a coefficient of at least 1.8.
Loyalty program. Bonus points are awarded for bets. Comp points can be exchanged for real money. The minimum bet for earning points is 50 rubles.
Birthday no deposit bonus. It is issued on condition that the player has deposited from 100 euros for the entire time of the game, his account was created more than 30 days before his birthday, the profile of the birthday person is completely filled out and verified.
VIP cashback.
Free spins for deposits. Free spins are given every day, only they apply to different applications.

Ways to withdraw money and top up your balance

The site supports over 50 currencies, including rubles, hryvnias, Belarusian rubles, lei, tenge. The minimum deposit is 50 rubles, the maximum deposit depends on which payment system the player uses.

All deposits are credited almost instantly. The office's rules say that you can replenish your account through your wallets and cards. The full name of the sender of the deposit must match the name of the user in the personal account. In general, deposits from third party wallets and cards are not accepted.

You can top up your account through:

Bank cards - Visa / Mastercard, Maestro, China Union Pay.
Electronic wallets - Yandex Money, QIWI, WebMoney, ToditoCash, Perfect Money, Moneta ru, Epay, B-pay, Pay4Fun, SticPay.
Mobile phone. MTS, Megafon, Tele2, Beeline, Siru Mobile systems are supported.
Payment systems ecoPayz, Payeer, NetEller.
Internet banking - Caixa, Epay, AstroPay Direct, Banco do Brasil, Itau, Santander, Bradesco, ECOBANQ.
Prepaid cards AstroPay Card, PayKasa.
Cryptocurrencies. Betcoin, Bitcoin, Litecoin, DogeCoin, Dash, Ethereum, Monero, ZCash, GameCredits, NEM, Bytecoin, DigiByte, Bitcoin Gold, Verge, QTUM, Stratis, TRON, Ripple, BTC-Cash, BitShares, Ethereum Classic are supported.

Withdrawal of funds is possible only through the details through which the deposit was made. The BC staff can, if necessary, require the player to send color scans of a passport or other identity document. Money is withdrawn almost instantly. From experience we can say that the withdrawal takes no more than a day.

Melbet does not work - how to contact support

There are several ways to contact support. You can write to the live chat or email, or call the free hotline. The support works around the clock and seven days a week.

We'll fix bugs in Windows 10. But roughly the same will have to be done in Windows XP, 7 and 8. In Windows 7 and later, the developers have improved the recovery system after problems with startup. In older versions of the system, serious errors often have to be resolved by reinstalling.

Disconnect peripherals

pozitive.org

Try to remember what changes you recently made to the system: whether you installed new ones, devices, or switched something. There might be a problem with one of the hardware components. Try to disable:

USB sticks.
Card readers.
Printers.
Scanners.
Cameras.
All other external devices.

If this does not help, disconnect the keyboard and mouse: all possible sources of malfunction must be ruled out.

Internal components such as RAM can also be the cause. In a desktop PC, you can check the operability of the RAM by connecting the brackets one by one.

Check power

takprosto.cc

If the computer does not turn on at all, take a look at the power cord and outlets. Don't forget the power switch on the back of your desktop computer case.

If everything works at this level, but the computer still does not turn on, then most likely the problem is in the power supply, which you are unlikely to be able to fix yourself: you will have to replace or repair it by a specialist.

It is possible that the computer turns on, but only for a short time. This is the same problem with the power supply.

Configure the disk to boot the system

At startup, errors may appear: An operating system wasn’t found. Try disconnecting any drives that don’t contain an operating system. Press Ctrl + Alt + Del to restart or Boot failure. Reboot and Select Proper Boot device or Insert Boot Media in selected Boot device.

The BIOS or UEFI settings can be set to boot from an external device or other logical partition, and not from the system drive. You can restore the default parameters like this:

To restart a computer.
Immediately after restarting, press the system key, for example F2. It can be another key: usually during system boot it can be found at the bottom of the screen with the logo of the laptop or motherboard manufacturer.
In the settings, set the desired disk to the first place in the download.
Select the Save and Exit option to save your changes.

If the above does not help, you will have to restore the system bootloader. To do this, you will need a bootable USB flash drive or recovery disc with a suitable system for the bit depth. How to make a bootable USB flash drive or disk, read Lifehacker about installing Windows.

Start the system from a flash drive or disk by selecting the desired option in the boot menu. In the Windows installation menu that opens, select "System Restore".

From the recovery menu, select Troubleshoot → Advanced options → Startup Repair. The system will then try to fix the bootloader automatically. In most cases, it solves the problem.

The same can be done manually through the command line, but it is better to choose the automatic option so as not to aggravate the situation.

If this method does not help, the problem is probably in the hardware: the hard drive is damaged.

From the recovery menu, select Troubleshoot → Advanced Options → Command Prompt.

In the command line, you need to enter the following commands one by one: diskpart → list volume (be sure to remember the name of the Windows disk) → exit.

To check the drive for errors and corruption, enter the command chkdsk X: / r (where X is the name of the Windows drive). The check usually takes a long time, you have to wait.

Start Windows in Safe Mode

System files can be damaged due to a sudden shutdown of the computer during the installation of operating system updates, cleaning from viruses and unnecessary entries in the registry, or due to the fault of utilities to speed up Windows. In this case, when the system boots, a "blue screen of death" will appear.

Try to start Windows in Safe Mode without loading drivers or programs in Auto Start. If the computer works in this mode, you will have to remove the drivers, roll back the system and scan for viruses.

If you have restore points, this problem is easy to fix. You just need to roll back to the previous stable configuration.

Reinstall system files

The steps above may not help. Then you will have to reset Windows settings and reinstall the system while saving the files. Unfortunately, all programs will need to be reinstalled.

In the recovery environment, select “Troubleshoot” → “Reset this PC” → “Keep my files” → “Reset”.

The system will roll back to the original settings.

As a service center engineer, I often hear complaints from customers that the computer won't start or boot. This is how they describe various problems - from problems with switching on to a violation of loading the operating system. But to be more precise, “does not start” should be understood as does not turn on, does not initialize or does not work, while “does not boot” should mean exactly problems with system boot.

Let's look at examples of specific symptoms of why the computer does not start.

No response to pressing the power button

Causes

There is no voltage in the mains, the power cord is damaged or the power supply is out of order.
Power button damaged.
There is no electrical contact in the power connectors.
The power management chip is out of order.
Internal power supply damaged (on laptops).
The chipset is out of order.
BIOS corrupted.

What to do?

Make sure there is voltage in the mains. Check if the power supply is on and the cable is securely connected to it. If possible, test the computer with a different power supply.
To test the button, disconnect the wires from the Power Switch contacts (ON, PWR_ON, PC_ON) on the motherboard and close the contacts with a screwdriver. If the PC turns on normally, the button is to blame.
Reset the BIOS by removing the CMOS battery and short-circuiting the socket pins. Or using the Clear CMOS jumper (button) (other names - CLRTC, CRTC, CL_CMOS, CCMOS).

The computer turns on (fans are running), but nothing appears on the screen

Causes

The processor is defective or there is a problem in its power system.
The north bridge is out of order.
Defective strips, slots or power supply of RAM (random access memory).
BIOS firmware has crashed.

What to do?

Make sure the processor is not damaged and its cooling system is properly connected.
Check if the additional 4-pin connector near the CPU power supply is connected.
Check the operation of the RAM strips in different slots, try replacing them with known good ones.
Reset BIOS settings.

Computer shuts down or restarts during startup

Causes

Overheating of the processor or main elements of the system board.
Failure (short circuit) of one of the computer devices.
The voltage levels on the motherboard are out of range.
BIOS problems.

What to do?

Clean the cooling system from contamination. Refresh the thermal paste layer on the processor.
Disconnect all devices that are not necessary for starting the computer: peripherals, expansion cards (sound, network, etc.), optical drive, everything connected to USB (except for the keyboard), RAM (except for one bracket), hard drives, except for the system ... If the PC starts, one of the disabled devices is to blame.
Reset BIOS settings.

Operating system loading does not start

Causes

The system hard drive has failed, is not properly connected, or is not receiving power.
Chipset (South Bridge) problems.
BIOS problems.
Corrupted MBR or operating system boot files.

What to do?

Make sure the hard drive is properly connected, functional, and receiving power. Check if it is detected in BIOS and visible when booting from other media.
Reset BIOS settings.

If all else fails, and also if the problem with switching on occurs on the laptop, contact the service.

Let's talk in more detail about the problems associated with the Windows XP operating system.

Why might Windows XP fail to start?

There are many reasons why Win XP does not load. These include corrupt or missing boot files, registry changes, incorrect boot.ini configuration file settings, MBR (Master Boot Record) corruption, and sometimes a combination of these factors. These problems arise most often due to the following:

viral activity, especially associated with blocking the MBR and Windows desktop, as well as due to unsuccessful attempts to cure such viruses;
errors when creating a configuration with loading multiple operating systems;
surface defects of the hard disk;
power outages that damage Win files during read and write operations.

For a better understanding of the causes of Win XP boot failures, let's briefly analyze how this process goes.

How to boot a computer running Windows XP

Before the system stages of turning on the PC - receiving the Power Good signal by the motherboard, initializing the devices and starting the BIOS code execution, we will not consider, since the problems at this stage are related to hardware. We will consider the start of Windows startup as the execution of the MBR boot code, which transfers control to the BIOS. So.

The MBR finds the active partition in the table and transfers control to the boot code from its first sector (Boot Sector).
When executed, the boot sector code transfers control to the NTLDR file, the Windows XP boot loader.
NTLDR puts the processor into 32-bit mode and checks if a hibernation image (hiberfil.sys file) is saved on the hard disk. If there is such an image, it loads it, if not, it reads information from the Boot.INI - the boot configuration file.
If multiple copies of Win are installed on the computer, a menu is displayed from which the user can choose which system to boot.

After selecting the system, the ntdetect.com file is launched, which determines the hardware configuration of the current boot.
Next, the files ntoskrnl.exe (Windows XP kernel) and Hal.dll (Hardware Abstraction Layer) are loaded - an intermediary between the PC hardware and the Win kernel.
The last task of NTLDR is to start the drivers marked as bootable in the registry and transfer control to the kernel code. At the same time, the equipment is initialized, the interrupt controller and the I / O system are turned on.
The Windows XP kernel launches the session manager - Smss.exe, which creates the user environment, the graphics subsystem - Win32k.sys, the client-server execution subsystem Csrss.exe, the Win logon program - Winlogon.exe, the authentication service - Lsass.exe, and Services.exe - Service Control Manager.
This is followed by the launch of the welcome screen - LogonUI.exe and the user logon program in Windows - Userinit.exe.
Next, Explorer (Win shell) - Explorer.exe is launched, the desktop appears on the screen and the system goes into standby mode for user commands.

How to restore boot Windows XP

Win boot failure can occur at any of the listed stages. Knowing what follows what, it is easier to understand the reasons that disrupt the launch of the system.

Master boot record (MBR) repair

If the MBR is damaged, Windows XP startup is interrupted at the very beginning, almost immediately after turning on the computer. It is manifested by the fact that a message is displayed on the screen:

Missing Operating System - the operating system was not found;
Invalid Partition Table - invalid (defective) partition table;
Error Loading Operating System - error loading the operating system.

Or nothing is displayed.

If the MBR is damaged, both the boot code and the partition table can be damaged. To recover the MBR code, you need to start the computer from the Windows XP installation disc and enter the recovery console. For this:

put the installation disc into the drive and start booting, when you see the message “Welcome to the installer” press the R (restore) key;

to work in the console, specify the serial number of Win XP where you need to log in. If you have one system, press 1;
enter the administrator password;
enter command fixmbr and press Enter - the boot code will be overwritten;
to exit the console enter the command exit.

You cannot fix the partition table with Win's own tools. To do this, you have to use third-party programs. One of these is the utility TestDisk,copes with this task perfectly.

Restoring boot sector and NTLDR boot loader

Boot sector code corruption has the same symptoms as MBR corruption, and error messages can be as follows:

NTLDR is missing - NTLDR loader was not found;
And disk read error occurred - a disk read error occurred;
NTLDR is compressed - NTLDR loader is compressed (not unzipped).

To solve this problem, you will need the recovery console again, where you will need to run the command fixboot.

The same messages may appear if there is no NTLDR loader in the Windows XP root directory. A copy of this file transferred from another computer running Windows XP or from an installation disc will help to fix the situation.

Boot Configuration Setting (Boot.INI)

If the Boot.INI boot configuration file contains errors, Win XP will also be unable to start, since NTLDR will not know what to boot and with what parameters. The system notifies about this problem with the following messages:

Check boot path and disk hardware - check the disk and the path to the boot partition;
Could not read from selected boot disk - could not read data from the selected boot disk;
Windows could not start because of a computer disk hardware configuration problem - Windows startup failed due to a disk configuration error.

The recovery console will help you out of the situation again. Run the command: bootcfg / rebuild - it restores the default boot.INI records. During its work, all partitions of the hard disk are checked for installed copies of Win. If systems are found, records about them are added to the configuration file, and the user can confirm or deny adding the system to the boot list. This way it is possible to restore the launch of several copies of Windows at once.

Registry repair

Another reason why Windows XP won't load is registry corruption, especially the System keys, which contain information about starting drivers, and Software, which contains boot control options.

To "roll back" these two partitions to the state at the time of system installation, start the recovery console and run the commands:

rename c: windowssystem32configsystem system.old

rename c: windowssystem32configsoftware software.old

copy c: windowsrepairsystem c: windowssystem32configsystem

copy c: windowsrepairsoftware c: windowssystem32configsoftware

In the same way, you can restore other Win registry keys: Defoult, Security and Sum.

Recovery of boot files

You already know why the files responsible for starting Windows XP lose functionality. Win in such cases is loaded almost to the end, but at some point it goes into reboot or ends with BSoD. So, the error 0xC000021a (fatal system error) indicates the absence or damage of Winlogon.exe or Csrss.exe. Problems with other files may not be accompanied by messages, but only appear as a black screen during the boot process.

If you know which files are missing, you can transfer them from another similar system or from the distribution disk - from the i386 folder. To do this, the computer is also booted from the Recovery Console, where commands for copying and unpacking files from the storage are executed. So the command expand d: i386userinit.ex_ c: windowssystem32will unpack and copy to a folder system32file userinit.exewhere d: is the installation disk.

If you do not know what files Windows doesn’t load, installing the system in recovery mode will help. System files will be overwritten, while programs, settings, and user data will remain unchanged.

Start your computer from the installation disc. When the "Welcome to the program ..." window appears, continue with the installation by pressing Enter.

In the course of further work, the program will scan the disks and if it finds a copy of Windows XP on them, it will offer to restore. To do this, select it in the list and press “R”.