Cognition of the world with the help of analogies on the example of information systems "man" and "computer. What do humans and computers have in common? Complete analogy between human and computer
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Human pride has no boundaries. Sometimes he fantasizes about himself. Moreover, such thoughts often push him to completely reckless actions. For example, once a person created a real artificial brain in his own image and likeness. And he called this creation a computer.
What is common between such electronic equipment and the human psyche? At first glance, one can hardly think of a more ridiculous question. And what is the difference between the living and the inanimate, the reader will ask. And he will be right. Man is not only endowed with free will, but is also capable of developing, while the computer is not.
True, the internal state of this device is constantly changing. But how, then, is such a mechanism different from a watch or a car? Nevertheless, as a psychiatrist, I counted six such analogies. This is one of the most important factors that determine the nature of a person's relationship with computer technology.
The first analogy is BODY AND MIND. First of all, it is striking that "iron" (the equipment itself) is like a brain substance. It is exactly the same in terms of its resources rigidly set in advance and within wide limits is practically unchangeable. But the "software" ( software) can always be replaced or updated. Therefore, this part of the computer coincides with social attitudes and acquired skills, to which a person acquires in the learning process.
The second analogy is the PICTURE OF THE WORLD. System unit the computer is connected to the monitor, through which the information becomes available to the user. Such images are very similar to the images that arise in our head and are based on the impressions received from contacts with external reality. But such sensations do not always accurately reflect the environment. And it doesn't matter what factors generate this kind of distortion - organic, associated with irreversible brain damage, toxic or psychogenic. This is a model of human consciousness.
The third analogy is the NERVE CELL. Its essence lies in the correspondence of the simplest element of the machine "language" (bit) to the two basic states of the nerve cell, which can be in an excited or calm state. And behind such "signals" there are two values \u200b\u200bthat the "bit" can transmit (1 or 0). It is a kind of molecular-cybernetic Eros and Thanatos. It is interesting that the computer “word” has 8 meanings, which also roughly coincides with the optimal amount of information we memorize (from five to nine elements).
The fourth analogy - IMPRESSED EXPERIENCE - describes devices and processes that are on the border between the rigidly defined and the functional, but much closer to the latter. It is quite obvious that if nature had not endowed a person with the ability to indirectly record everything that happens to him, then he simply would not have survived in such a changeable world. How else would a person determine the essence of the things he encounters - are they some kind of threat or, on the contrary, are they extremely useful? The computer has random access memory (RAM), which functionality tantamount to our short-term memory. A hard drive is also a kind of memory, but only long-term.
The fifth analogy is ENERGIZATION. It is known that a computer absolutely cannot work without “whipping up” its systems. This function is assigned to a special device called a timer. This is what synchronizes the electronic impulses continuously passing through the computer microcircuits. Man also has something similar. This is the role of emotional reactions that can mobilize modest human resources in difficult times.
The sixth analogy is MIRROR SYMMETRY. The computer recreates such a property of our brain as the presence of two ways of processing information. The fact is that the brain is divided into two hemispheres. The left half of this most important human organ is responsible for the sequential processing of information - element by element. Therefore, speech is associated with this hemisphere. But the right side of our central nervous system mainly operates with images or monolithic semantic blocks.
The patterns of the first type are reproduced in a computer as a serial interface. This input (COM) is usually connected to a mouse. The second method can be compared to the parallel interface (LPT) to which the printer is connected.
So, man created a computer, taking himself as a basis. But what does humanity expect in the distant future, when the "child" born into the world will grow up? And will the relationship between living and artificial intelligence remain as cloudless as they are today?
I have seen, heard and read a lot about how people compare humans and computers. It is interesting to watch this process from the outside, especially when you understand what is really happening. But in reality, there is no more, no less comparison of the creator with the creation. In order for this comparison to take place, people even make robots look like people. But all the same, inside such subhumans there are “gears and light bulbs”, as the hero of the film “I, Robot” said. But the point is not even that those compared with people differ in their chemical composition. After all, the subject of comparison is the principle and effectiveness of their work.
All aspects of the work process and the results of this very work of both compared parties can hardly be grasped within the framework of one small article. Therefore, I will touch upon only one aspect, which in computer language is called "multitasking". Some people think that this is beyond the reach of the brain, others share the exact opposite point of view. I will not go into such jungle as numbers, calculations and statistics, since it is not possible to achieve accurate results by comparing systems of different origins. But there are some thoughts on this matter.
So…
I am sure that when creating a computer, a person was guided by what is close and familiar to him. While creating operating system in the mid-60s of the last century (it was then that the makings of multitasking began to appear in some operating systems), programmers, quite possibly, also thought about giving a computer something human. And they endowed him with a subconscious, only in the computer sense. Although many people know the fact that the human brain at a certain point in time can consciously reflect on one thing, but this does not mean that our brain is devoid of "multitasking". After all, hardly anyone will deny that in addition to the main idea that is spinning in our head consciously, somewhere deep in the subconscious, processes are taking place, which becomes known only when the result is visible.
If you will allow me, let's compare consciousness and subconsciousness with processor cores. True, in such a comparison, these cores will be of different power. Since there is information that the power of the subconscious is much greater than the power of consciousness. The speed of information processing in conscious thinking 2 kbps information per second, for comparison, the same speed in the subconscious reaches 4 Gbps information per second. But how does this power of the subconscious manifest itself?
For example, it often happens that while making efforts to solve some complex problem consciously, it is impossible to achieve the desired, as if there is a snag somewhere. In this case, I leave this task for later and take on the next, simpler one. But suddenly, not even having time to tackle a simple problem, I say to myself: "Idea!" After that, that difficult unsolved problem is solved! But how? I was already desperate and did not even consciously think about her. It is due to the fact that we put a lot of effort in search of a solution, the process starts and, if necessary, can go into the "background mode" of the subconscious, where neurons will continue to select the right combinations, in search of a solution at an even greater speed.
On a computer, this seems to be a little simpler or somewhat clearer. By launching one process, we collapse the program and start another. In this case, we are confident that the operation will be completed. Of course, sometimes it seems that the capabilities of a computer are limited by human capabilities. For example, we cannot work simultaneously in several programs, if only because for this we would need additional manipulators and, ultimately, additional hands. And is it really necessary if sometimes we can't even control 10% of our brain's capabilities?
Not a few books have been written about how to train your brain, as many films have been shot, but it seems that in order to "accelerate" your brain, you need to remember just a few simple rules:
- Meditate
- Analyze
- Do not give up
"The information underlying Iissiidiology is designed to radically change your entire current vision of the world, which, together with everything that is in it - from minerals, plants, animals and humans to distant Stars and Galaxies - is in reality an incredibly complex and an extremely dynamic Illusion, no more real than your dream today. "
1. Subjectivism of the worldview.
2. Examples of analogies between PC and human. Acquaintance with the terminology of Iissiidiology.
3. The complexity of changing the established worldview.
4. Conclusion.
Subjectivism of the worldview
This article will consider my vision of the reasons for a person's subjective perception of the surrounding world, and will also show the mechanism of cognition of the world with the help of mental associations between the well-known and the little-studied. I often use analogies, drawing auxiliary parallels between the world of technology and the surrounding nature (in particular, biology, psychology, sociology) in order to better understand new phenomena and concepts in a certain subject area. They serve me, in fact, as those additional informational relationships with all other ideas that I have, which allow me not to memorize, but to understand the essence of the new and the unknown, using the baggage of already accumulated knowledge.
Helping friends to fix certain problems of their personal computers (hereinafter in the text of the PC), explaining to them the possible causes of their occurrence using the principles of construction and functioning of computer technology, I noticed that people who do not have special training and knowledge, it is much easier to intuitively understand the essence of the work of computer technology, using an analogy with existing concepts [I]. For these purposes, it turned out to be convenient to use comparing PC work with psycho-mental and physiological processesflowing in a person.
Both a person and a PC can be considered as a separate information system or some part of it. Information systemis a system, consisting of software (Software) and hardware (Hardware), designed to collect, process, create and distribute data.
The use of an associative approach for interconnection with the help of analogies of various phenomena is limited and subjective, since to build relationships between individual blocks of information, a person can operate only with those ideas and experience that he has at the moment. Subjectivity arises due to the variety of possible individual variants of interconnections (associations) with which each person connects the information blocks manipulated by him (for example, the same melody evokes his subjective impressions in each person). So, throughout life, a person's ideas acquire more and more profound knowledge, forming his outlook on life, preferences, desires, judgments, and the like (his worldview).
Since the human perception system is limited, we can only interpret (and with some degree of accuracy interpolate and extrapolate) the facts we know, trying to reconstruct the picture of what is happening as accurately as possible. But this picture will always be less accurate than the one based on additional new information.I will demonstrate the subjectivity of interpretation (perception and understanding) of the occurring phenomenon (event) with the following examples.
Suppose we need to connect points 1, 2, 3 with a line. As you can see from Figure 1, the number of such lines can be infinite. All three variants of the lines presented solve the problem, but only on the condition that no other restrictions are imposed on the solution of the problem (for example, that the line must be straight or pass through point 4). Each of the lines is an analogue of a subjective interpretation (in this case, three points) to recreate a complete picture. What happened in the intervals between the points with the "real" line, which reflects the "reality" - is unknown. So in reality: a person, observing some phenomenon (be it a physical experiment or a life situation), is able to perceive only a limited number of conditions and facts that led to this observation. Interpreting the available information, a person recreates the most plausible picture of an ongoing event, which does not at all indicate its truth. A person's inability to perceive what is happening without distortion often leads him to a misunderstanding of the behavior and views of other people. [How many points do you need to take to accurately reconstruct the line? See Kotelnikov's theorem and Nyquist frequency].
Figure 1. Possible options for connecting points using a line
The next example is taken from optics - the refraction of light through a prism. Imagine that a ray of light carries certain information, for example, what a person understands by the word "love." As can be seen in Figure 2, one part of the beam is reflected, and the other is refracted through the prism, depending on its physicochemical characteristics. At the "exit" from the prism, only the scattered part (projection) of the initial information (ray) is visible. So, our ideas are a set of such interconnected prisms (Figure 3), with the help of which there is a filtration, analysis, collection and accumulation of new information. Just as prisms refract light in different ways, so people interpret the same phenomena, events, and actions in different ways. Therefore, everyone understands "love" in his own way (sees his projection), although we can talk about the same thing.
 |
 |
| Figure: 2. Dispersion prism. | Figure: 3. Dispersion of light. |
The third example of subjectivity of perception is one of the koans from Zen Buddhism. This short story shows in a humorous way how people can understand what is happening to them in different ways.
"Dispute for shelter"
In a temple in northern Japan, two brother monks lived together. The elder was a scientist, and the younger was stupid and crooked in one eye.Once a wandering monk asked for shelter, summoning them, as it was supposed to, to a dispute about the intricacies of the teaching. Tired of studying for a day, the older brother ordered the younger to go instead of himself.
Go and offer to discuss in silence, ”he warned him.
The young monk and the stranger entered the temple and sat down there. Soon the stranger got up and, going to his older brother, said: “Your younger brother is a wonderful guy. He won the dispute. "
Tell me how it happened, the elder asked.
So, - the stranger began, - first I raised one finger up, representing the Buddha, the Enlightened One. He raised two fingers, denoting the Buddha and his teachings. Then I raised three fingers, symbolizing the Buddha, his teachings and his followers, living in harmony. To this he shook his clenched fist in front of my face, showing that they all come from the same awareness. Therefore, he defeated me, and I cannot stay here any longer. Having said so, the traveler departed.
Where is this guy? - asked, running in, the younger brother.
I realized that you defeated him.
I did not win, but now I will finish him!
Come on, tell me about the dispute.
As soon as he saw me, he immediately raised one finger, impudently hinting that I have only one eye.
Since he is an outsider, I decided to be polite to him and held up two fingers, congratulating him on the fact that he had both eyes. Then this shameless scoundrel raised three fingers, showing that we have only three eyes for two. Then I got furious and as soon as I began to beat him, he fled.
Summarizing the above and returning to the analogies with which our self-consciousness operates, I will say that quality of the constructed analogy between two different phenomena depends more on:
transferable properties and relationships;
the degree of abstraction / concretization of the phenomenon;
the degree of understanding of the subject by the individual himself (his ideas);
the relevance of comparison (since new ideas are replacing old ones);
How legitimate the analogy that has arisen is - remains to be judged by others. From my point of view, the main goal in this case is to understand at the initial stage with new concepts and phenomena, without distorting the nature of things even more. With the accumulation and deepening of knowledge in the chosen direction, auxiliary old analogies will disappear by themselves, due to the emergence of more and more more accurate ideas, and the need for their further use will disappear.
In order not to be limited in this note to a comparison only between a human and a computer, I cite the relationship with the terms and concepts from , which positions itself as a new concept about the energy-informational structure of the Universe and man, including concepts such as space, time, multidimensionality, self-consciousness and much more. Iissiidiology offers a unique mechanism for describing the cause-and-effect relationships and the essence of most of the phenomena and processes of the surrounding world, leaving no room for anything supernatural and impossible. How efficiently and skillfully a person can use this mechanism, whether in everyday life or in professional activity, depends on it.
A set of SFUURMM-Forms,UU-VVU-Conglomerates ; (creation SLUI-SLUU )
Activity of the second two IISSIIDI-Centers (ORLAACTOR and AIGLLILLIAA )
As our separate ideas are added to judgments and a holistic vision of what is happening, which we expand and refine with every moment, so separate information files are added to whole programs (SFUURMM-Forms structure UU-VVU-Conglomerates), which from time to time, when errors and deficiencies are updated by the user to be more universal and relevant. At the same time, the PC has programs ( system files, drivers) and processes without which the system can become ineffective or severely limited. The system itself tries to restrict the user in access rights so that he does not harm the system (himself) out of his "ignorance". This is very similar to the instincts of self-survival in humans (the activity of the first pair of IISSIIDI-Centers - the mental (ARGLLLAAMUNI) and sensual (INGLIMILISSA) components of human activity). User programs expand the basic functionality of the system and are "planetary creativity" that a person can engage in when he does not need to think about survival (the activity of the second pair of ISSIIDI Centers - a higher quality mental (ORLAACTOR) and sensual (AIGLLILLIAA) component of human activity). The structure and characteristics of the IISSIIDI Centers is actually more complex and will be described in more detail in subsequent volumes of Iissiidiology Foundations.
Just as hardware malfunctions and defects in a PC lead to the incapacitation of certain components of it, so physical diseases affect the performance of the human body. Viruses are malicious software that violates the informational integrity of a system, akin to human mental illness. From the point of view of Iissiidiology, diseases arise when there is a "substantial" disagreement between the configuration of form-creators (human biology) and the instructions from information-creators (his interests, aspirations, life creativity, worldview). One of the reasons for this may be, for example, a change in the direction of development, when a person begins to develop not inhuman (lluvvumic) direction of development (when the "human body" is used for other purposes) or, conversely, in the human. First, such an imbalance causes "tensor tension" (tensor), which is aimed at balancing the relationship between form and information creators. Prolonged tensor stress develops into fatigue, exhaustion, depression, illness. The tensor itself can be both negative (for example, bad habits) and positive (for example, when getting rid of bad habits). Possible reasons the appearance of tensors are discussed in detail inVolume 12 Iissiidiology.
| IISSIIDIOLOGY | MAN | COMPUTER SYSTEM | |
| Get life experience | Use a computer (play, watch, listen, write, simulate, count) | ||
| ChKK All-Love-All-Wisdom | Aspects of the senses | A magnetic field | |
| ChKK All-Will-All-Mind | Aspects of intelligence | Electric field
4. BI Khodorov. The impulse is nervous. Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M .: Soviet encyclopedia. 1969-1978, http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/90292/Pulse 5. Oris. Iissiidiology. 12 volume. Commentaries on the Fundamentals - Immortality is available to everyone: Book Five - "Modern Dynamics of the Universal Focus of Self-Consciousness." 2011 8. Oris. Iissiidiology. 14 vol. Commentaries to the Fundamentals - Immortality is available to everyone: book five - "The principles of the resonance of the structures of Self-Consciousness." 2011 9. Oris. Iissiidiology. 2 volume. The basics. Cosmic Qualities as the Basis of the energy-informational manifestation of all Form-systems of the Universe. 2013 10. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Telepathy. www.encyclopedia.com (2008) 11. Oris. Iissiidiology. 15 volume. Commentaries to the Fundamentals - Immortality is available to everyone: book six - The Conscious Path to the Human Worlds of “personal” Immortality. 2012 |
2016-02-24
Human + and computer analogy
What do computers and humans have in common? | Technology and the Internet | ShkolaZhizni.ruWhat is common between such electronic equipment and the human psyche? At first glance, one can hardly think of a more ridiculous question. And what is the difference between the living and the inanimate, the reader will ask. And he will be right. Man is not only endowed with free will, but is also capable of developing, while the computer is not.
True, the internal state of this device is constantly changing. But how, then, is such a mechanism different from a watch or a car? Nevertheless, as a psychiatrist, I counted six such analogies. This is one of the most important factors that determine the nature of a person's relationship with computer technology. It was this topic that made me turn to psychoanalytic journalism more than eight years ago.
The first analogy is BODY AND MIND. First of all, it is striking that the "iron" (the equipment itself) is like a brain substance. It is exactly the same in terms of its resources rigidly set in advance and within wide limits is practically unchangeable. But "software" (software) can always be replaced or updated. Therefore, this part of the computer coincides with social attitudes and acquired skills, to which a person is attached in the learning process.
The second analogy is the PICTURE OF THE WORLD. The system unit of the computer is connected to the monitor, through which the information becomes available to the user. Such images are very similar to the images that arise in our head and are based on the impressions received from contacts with external reality. But these feelings do not always accurately reflect the environment. And it doesn't matter what factors generate this kind of distortion - organic, associated with irreversible brain damage, toxic or psychogenic. This is a model of human consciousness.
The third analogy is the NERVE CELL. Its essence lies in the correspondence of the simplest element of the machine "language" (bit) to the two basic states of the nerve cell, which can be in an excited or calm state. And behind such "signals" there are two values \u200b\u200bthat the "bit" can transmit (1 or 0). It is a kind of molecular-cybernetic Eros and Thanatos. It is interesting that the computer “word” has 8 meanings, which also roughly coincides with the optimal amount of information we memorize (from five to nine elements).
The fourth analogy - IMPRESSED EXPERIENCE - describes devices and processes that are on the border between the rigidly defined and the functional, but much closer to the latter. It is quite obvious that if nature had not endowed a person with the ability to indirectly record everything that happens to him, then he simply would not have survived in such a changeable world. How else would a person determine the essence of the things he encounters - are they some kind of threat or, on the contrary, are they extremely useful? The computer contains random access memory (RAM), which in its functionality is equivalent to our short-term memory. A hard drive is also a kind of memory, but only long-term.
The fifth analogy is ENERGIZATION. It is known that a computer absolutely cannot work without “whipping up” its systems. This function is assigned to a special device called a timer. This is what synchronizes the electronic impulses continuously passing through the computer microcircuits. Man also has something similar. This is the role of emotional reactions that can mobilize modest human resources in difficult times.
The sixth analogy is MIRROR SYMMETRY. The computer recreates such a property of our brain as the presence of two ways of processing information. The fact is that the brain is divided into two hemispheres. The left half of this most important human organ is responsible for the sequential processing of information - element by element. Therefore, speech is associated with this hemisphere. But the right side of our central nervous system mainly operates with images or monolithic semantic blocks.
The patterns of the first type are reproduced in a computer as a serial interface. This input (COM) is usually connected to a mouse. The second method can be compared to the parallel interface (LPT) to which the printer is connected.
So, man created a computer, taking himself as a basis. But what does humanity expect in the distant future, when the "child" born into the world will mature? And will the relationship between living and artificial intelligence remain as cloudless as they are today? But about this - in my other publications.
