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Applied by definition. Types of applied programs. What is an operating system

Every school student or adult who uses a computer in one way or another in everyday life is faced with such a concept as "application software". Some users naively classify absolutely all programs installed on a computer into this category. This is a clear delusion, since only strictly defined applications that correspond to some basic characteristics are included in the application software. Let's try to give a brief description of this type of software.

Computer science: applied software

Modern software is usually divided into several types, one of which is software in this category. How can you distinguish application programs from other types of applications? Very simple.

Most of the tasks of application software are strictly defined by some framework. In other words, all software is conventionally focused on performing only one or several similar tasks. You just need to make a difference between application software and application programs. Application software is a group that unites absolutely all applications (either in a general sense, or in any one selected area), while application programs are certain applications focused on a particular direction in use or created to execute some - one or more actions to achieve the goal.

The simplest situation can be considered. Take the Microsoft Office suite. This is application software (examples can be given in other similar collections, but everyone knows the Office, so it looks more convenient). However, the applications that are part of the Office (Word, Excel, Power Point, Access, etc.) are already application programs.

Purpose of the application software

Since this type of software is focused on performing strictly defined tasks, in a sense it (very conditionally) can be divided into programs designed exclusively for one general task and whole software systems that combine the capabilities of performing both the main and related tasks.

It is from this perspective that the application software can be viewed. Examples are best based on word processing applications. For example, many users constantly confuse the terms "text editor" and "word processor".

Although these applications have a lot in common, the difference between them is significant.

A text editor is designed to view and edit text with a minimal set of tools (WordPad), and a word processor (MS Word), in addition to performing basic tasks, allows you to perform many additional actions. Again, the division here is rather arbitrary.

But the standard "Notepad" available on any Windows system is more of a hybrid application. Along with editing text, it can be used as a programming tool, since it supports the syntax of most of the programming languages \u200b\u200bknown today.

General classification of application software

It is becoming more difficult to categorize application software as new programs appear relatively quickly and their scope of application is constantly expanding. It is not surprising that today there is no single accepted system for separating programs.

Nevertheless, as one of the options, the most general division of applications by type and area of \u200b\u200buse can be given. Both categories are quite voluminous, so some types of application software should be considered separately. Only this can give a complete understanding of the big picture.

Separation by type

Classification of programs by type primarily focuses on the type of task being performed.

So, for ease of understanding, almost all applications can be combined into several large groups:

General purpose software;
entertainment software;
Special-purpose software;
professional software;
custom application programs.

General purpose software

text editors and processors;
tools for working with spreadsheets;
packages for working with databases (DBMS);
graphic editor;
publishing software packages (computer layout);
internet browsers and downloaders.

Naturally, this list can be supplemented as long as you like. Only a brief classification is given, so to speak, for a general understanding of the essence of the issue.

Entertainment software

This category, as the name implies, includes everything that provides our leisure. The entertainment industry has many directions, but with regard to computer technology, we will single out only the main components.

computer games;
all kinds of media players;
programs for watching television and listening to radio (including their Internet counterparts);
sports software products;
geographical, literary, culinary and other cognitive applets, etc.

As you can see, it is simply impossible to list all aspects related to leisure.

Special purpose software

As for this type of software, it is easy to guess that the application software in this category includes programs that have a very narrow focus.

Among the variety of software packages and applications, the following components can be distinguished separately:

expert systems (logical programs for solving problem situations or making certain decisions);
hypertext systems (electronic libraries, dictionaries, reference systems, encyclopedias);
translators (converters of programs written in a specific programming language into object files);
content management systems (sharing, editing, etc.);
packages for multimedia processing (audio, video editors, Text-to-Speech applications, sequencers, virtual music studios).

Professional software

With the professional software section, things are a little more complicated. This category is very large, and the programs included in it are almost never used by ordinary users.

Nevertheless, the following packages can be distinguished in this group:

computer-aided design systems;
automated control systems;
software and hardware complexes for workplace automation;
technological process control systems;
automated systems for scientific research;
billing systems;
geographic information systems;
warehouse management programs;
customer relationship management systems;
support systems for global trade processes;
analytics systems;
automation of document flow;
enterprise management systems (planning funds and resources, marketing management, organization of production and repair management);
automated banking systems;
remote banking and customer service programs, etc.

Again, it is very problematic to list absolutely all categories of professional programs, and this list is provided solely for the purpose of understanding the software products included in it.

Custom application programs

With this group, everything is simple. Most of these are applications created by the user himself using the set of tools at his disposal, in some specific computing environment in accordance with the capabilities of the environment itself and the operating system in which it operates.

Division by area of \u200b\u200buse

The classification of applied software on this basis also contains very extensive information. Among the highest priority areas, we note the most common:

Software for enterprises and organizations;
Software for user interaction with all elements of the computer system;
organization of enterprise infrastructure;
information (office) worker tools;
content management and sharing systems;
educational interactive software;
simulation software for scientific research and forecasting;
instrumental systems in the field of media;
design and construction, engineering software, etc.

Conclusion

As you can see from all of the above, application software is one of the largest groups in the separation of programs and applications. It is clear that it is simply physically impossible to mention absolutely all types of programs, directions in solving tasks or areas of application of such software products. Nevertheless, even the classification given as an example allows you to immediately understand the differences from, say, system software and management or maintenance utilities.

Finally, it remains to highlight the most important property of applied software. The programs of this type themselves cannot interact with the user directly, and also do not have direct access to computer resources. Such interaction is possible only through the means of the installed operating system, which in this case plays the role of a certain layer between the program, some computer components and the end user.

As for the separation of software according to some characteristic features, today you can find quite a lot of classification options, and the example given is not the only one and a priori correct. If you follow some specific standards adopted and valid in different countries, you can find other forms of dividing applications and software packages into classes. For example, it was possible to include here the division into paid, free and shareware programs. However, such a criterion may correspond not only to application software, but also to other types of software products. If you look closely at the standards of some countries, you can find many more criteria that this type of software can meet. And that is why today there is no single accepted system that could reliably classify a software product in only one category. Moreover, even in the application software itself, you can find many, so to speak, hybrid applications that could equally belong to different classes of software. But, if you look at the question a little more broadly, even according to the given characteristics, it is possible with a high degree of probability to assert that a certain program belongs precisely to the applied type, and not to some other category.

Due to the huge variety of software applications, there are a huge number of different classifications. The most common is the classification, which assumes the division of software applications into three main classes:

Picture 1.

General purpose application software

General purpose software includes programs designed to solve general universal tasks. Such programs are used by most PC users.

Text editors are used to create and edit text without applying any decoration. The most famous text editors - Notepad (included in the standard Windows operating system), TextPad.

images - programs ACDSee, FastStone Image Viewer, etc .;
HTML pages - web browsers Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Opera, etc .;
media content (players, players):
- o audio players AIMP, Spider player, Media Monkey, etc .;
- o multimedia centers Windows Media Player (WMP, included in the standard MS Windows operating system), QuickTime Player (included in the standard Mac OS), Winamp, VLC Media Player, Media Player Classic, etc .;
flash-content, which are used to play video and audio files on websites, for online games - Flash-player Adobe Flash Player, etc.;
pdf files for viewing and printing pdf files - Adobe Reader.

Database management systems (DBMS), which include desktop databases for creating and managing databases, including MS Access, Paradox. The functions of the DBMS include the description of data, access to data, search and selection of data according to certain criteria.

Translator programs:

electronic dictionaries for translating individual words - ABBYY Lingvo, MultiLex;
programs for translation of large texts - PROMT.

Special purpose application software

Remark 1

Special purpose software - a set of programs for solving narrower problems in various subject areas.

Expert systems became a further development of the DBMS and are intended for the analysis of data that are stored in knowledge bases (replace the expert). DBMS perform data manipulation operations, and expert systems perform logical data analysis and are equipped with self-learning functions. The most famous are: MYCIN (medicine), ACES (military), ACE (electronics), CODES (computer science), DENDRAL (chemistry), PROSPECTOR (geology), REMORAMA (trade). Expert systems are mainly used by workers who are involved in diagnostics, design, planning and management.

Desktop publishing systemsthat are used for electronic layout of printed products (newspapers, magazines, books, booklets). Used by employees of printing houses, editorial offices of magazines and newspapers, publishing houses, as well as employees of advertising agencies. Among the programs QuarkXPress, Adobe InDesign, Adobe FrameMaker, Corel Ventura, MS Publisher (more often used as a general-purpose program).

Electronic encyclopedias, textbooks, dictionaries, reference books are used by schoolchildren, students, researchers, specialists in various fields to gain knowledge in a particular area. The Encyclopedia of Modern Technology is well known. Construction "," Master Builder's Handbook "," Musical Dictionary ", interactive multimedia textbook" Organic Chemistry "and many others. dr.

Server DBMS used by database administrators to control the creation and operation of information systems databases. These include mySQL, MS SQL Server, Oracle Database.

Video editors (video editing systems):

professional (Adobe Premiere Pro, Grass Valley Ediu, Sony Vegas Pro);
"Home" (Windows Movie Maker (included in the Windows operating system), Corel VideoStudio Pro, Pinnacle Studio).

Audio editors (audio editing systems):

professional - designed for recording music files, creating soundtracks for radio, scoring films, computer games, restoring old soundtracks (Adobe Audition, Sony Sound Forge. Audacity, etc.);
"Home" - are used to record amateur music files, create your own ringtones for mobile phones, etc. (CyberPower Audio Editing Lab, Akram Audio Editor, etc.).

Music editors are used by employees of music publishing houses, music educational institutions, music theaters, philharmonic societies, composers, conductors to create and edit music text with design, as well as to play the typed text (Finale, Encore, Cakewalk Overture, Sibelius, MuseScore).

Professional application software

Application software professional assignment solves narrow problems of a professional nature in various subject areas.

Professional software is now increasingly used in various spheres of life and has become a separate group (earlier professional software was included in the list of special software). It includes accounting systems, automated control systems, automated research systems, and many others.

Computer-aided design systems (CAD, CAD / CAM / CAE) are used to automate the development of drawings, diagrams, 3D models, and design documentation. Used by design engineers, architects. Known programs Compass, AutoCAD, ZwCAD, BtoCAD, etc.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS):

universal and specialized, with which you can create, edit and analyze electronic geographic maps, search for information about map objects: cities, roads, buildings, streets, rivers, relief, average annual temperature. Used by GIS specialists, GIS operators, cartographers, geologists, surveyors, hydrologists, meteorologists (MapInfo, ArcGIS, Arcview, GeoServer, GRASS, Polygon, Panorama, GIS Meteo);
information and reference are used by non-professionals to view maps of the city and the surrounding area, to search for organizations, transport routes, search for directions around the city. These include 2GIS.

Integrated office systems are used by clerks to maintain the full cycle of a document in an institution: from creating documents, organizing the movement and accounting of documents to storing documents (Delo, LanDocs, Cinderella, Grand-Dok, etc.).

Accounting systems used for bookkeeping and tax accounting. For example, 1C: Accounting.

Financial and analytical systems are designed to conduct analytical accounting of the financial and economic activities of an organization (systematization of information, calculation of analytical indicators and generation of reports). For example, Alt-Finance, Audit Expert, INEK-Analyst, FinEkAnaliz, etc.

Remark 2

The list of these programs is far from complete, since programs for various purposes are multiplying exponentially.

1. word processors - to create text documents;

2. table processors (spreadsheets) - for calculations and analysis of information presented in tabular form;

3. database - for organizing and managing data;

4. graphics packages - to present information in the form of pictures and graphs;

5. communication programs (Internet) - to exchange information between remote computers;

6. integrated packagesthat include several applications for different purposes;

7. teaching about rrammas, electronic textbooks, dictionaries, encyclopedias, design systems, design;

8. games.

Programming toolkit

The programming toolkit is designed to create system and application software. It includes a variety of languages \u200b\u200band environments that are used to transform the algorithm into a computer program. Languages \u200b\u200bsuch as BASIC and Pascal are widely used to create application software. С, C ++, Delphi and others.

Programs translators - special programs that allow you to get an object program from the source. They automatically translate programs from a high-level language into a sequence of machine instructions. There are two types of broadcasting programs: compilers and interpreters.

The compiler program (from the word compile - to compose, to assemble) processes the commands entered by the user and organizes the execution of programs. A compiler is a program that converts, in a continuous process, an entire source code file into machine code, and then executes it.

An interpreter is a program that analyzes each instruction (each step) of a translated program separately, after which it is automatically translated into machine codes step by step (with verification) and executes them.

Control questions

1. What is computer software? What groups is it divided into?

2. What is the purpose of the system software.

3. What components are part of the system software?

4. What groups of application software exist.

5. What are programming tools?

6. Where is the operating system permanently stored?

7. Where is the operating system loaded while the computer is running?

Exercises

H Exercise 1

1. The computer software does not include:

1) Programming systems;

2) Operating systems;

3) Hardware;

4) Application programs.

3. What are anti-virus programs for?

1) Allow, due to the use of special methods of "packing" information, to compress information on disks, i.e. create smaller copies of files, as well as combine copies of several files into one archive file;

2) are designed to prevent infection with a computer virus and eliminate the consequences of infection;

3) allow you to quickly copy the information you need, located on the hard disk of your computer, to floppy disks, removable disks or streamer cassettes;

4) provide a more convenient and visual way of communicating with a computer than standard OS tools.

4. What programs allow for computer diagnostics?

1) Programs-caches for the disk speed up access to information on disks by organizing a cache buffer in RAM, containing the most frequently used parts of the disk;

2) Programs for optimizing disks allow you to provide faster access to information on the disk by optimizing the placement of data on the disk;

3) Dynamic disk compression programs create pseudo-disks, the information of which is stored in compressed form as files on regular (real) computer disks, which allows you to store more data on disks;

4) All of the above.

7. Word text editor is:

1) Application program;

2) Basic software;

3) Font editor;

4) Service program.

H Assignment 2

Insert missing words.

1) The most important system program is _________________________________ which is usually stored on your hard drive.

2) Along with the operating system, there are ___________________________________, which provide a more convenient and visual ______________________________ than standard OS tools.

3) ________________________________ programs - designed to prevent infection with a computer virus and eliminate the consequences of infection.

4) ___________________________________________________ includes a variety of languages \u200b\u200band environments with which the algorithm is converted into a computer program.

5) Programs ____________________________ - allow you to quickly copy the information you need, located on the hard disk of your computer, to floppy disks, removable disks or streamer cassettes.

Assignment 3

Build a schematic:

Computer software classification

H Assignment 4

Formulate a definition.

Assignment 5

Read the text:

Among other actions, operating systems monitor free space in the computer's memory, overwrite programs from external memory there and transfer them to control programs. Thanks to this, several programs can run simultaneously on the computer. In addition, operating systems include special programs that allow user programs to access different devices of the same type in the same way.

Think, justify, and emphasize the operations performed by the operating system:

Exchange with external memory _________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

Displaying the image on the screen _________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

Calculation of frequently used algebraic functions _______________________ __________________________________________________________________________

Tracking the movement of the computer mouse and pressing the mouse buttons _____ __________________________________________________________________________

Forming an image for printing ______________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

Tracking the keys pressed on the computer keyboard ____________________ __________________________________________________________________________

Output of sounds to speakers __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

· Creating sound effects in a computer game _____________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

· speech recognition ________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

· Converting the printed image to the form required for a specific printer connected to the computer _______________________________ __________________________________________________________________________.

H Assignment 6

Solve the rebus.

Assignment 7

Crossword "Software"

Horizontally:

1. A tool for creating a simple image;

3. Antivirus;

5. Program for writing to a CD;

7. A program that allows you to create a Database;

9. Archiver;

11. Programming language.

Vertically:

2. System of mathematical design;

4. Program for creating presentations;

6. CD emulator;

8. Text editor;

10. Media player.

Assignment 8

Keyboard skills

and)	b)	at)	d)
YAYIA	FAIRY	ZHHZ	CHORUS
YAYAYA	ROY	HZHHZ	HALL
YAYAYAI	SOY	ZHZZH	GAS
YYAYA	YOGI	HHZHZ	Ties
YAYAYAYAI	FLAG	ZZHZH	Milestones
YAYAYAYY	HAT	ZXZXX	LAUGHTER
YAYAYAYAYA	Coachman	HZHZZH	Henna
YAYAYAYAYA	GROUSE	ZHZHZZ	BREAD
YAYAYAYAYA	DANCER	ХХЗХЗХЗ	POWDER
YAYAYAYAYAYAI	LIQUID	ZZHZHHZH	PHEASANT

Operating systems and shells

After turning on the computer, a special program starts working simultaneously with the hardware components, which is called operating system (OS) computer. This system organizes a dialogue between the user and the computer, manages the allocation and use of machine resources (RAM and disk memory), conducts the operation of all hardware elements of the computer (keyboard, monitor, disks, printers). In this way, the operating system provides:

1). execution of applied programs;

2). management of computer resources - memory, processor and all external devices;

3). human contact with the computer.

Wrapper programIs a program (for example, Norton Commander, WinRAR), one of the modules of which, called resident, resides in the computer's RAM and loads the necessary execution modules from the disk into free areas of memory to perform any user-defined functions. The use of shell programs by the operating system greatly simplifies computer control, since the process of entering commands and their parameters is replaced by a selection from the proposed list (menu) of possible values \u200b\u200bor by pressing the corresponding function key.

Operating system functions

Any operating system must perform the following functions:

· Be generally accepted and used as a standard system on many computers;

· Work with numerous hardware devices produced by different companies, including in the distant past;

· Provide the ability to run a variety of programs written by different people and released by different organizations;

· Provide tools for checking, configuring, maintaining a computer, its devices and programs that are installed on it.

Interface

In a computer system, there are two participants - software and hardware. Software is all programs that are installed on a computer, and hardware is components and equipment that are inside the system unit or connected outside.

The relationship between participants in a computer system is called interface... There are different kinds of interfaces:

· Interaction between different nodes is hardware interface.

· Interaction between programs is software interface.

Interaction between hardware and software - hardware-software interface.

· Human-program interaction and program-human interaction are called user interface.

When an operating system accepts only commands entered using the keyboard in a special command line, it is said that this operating system is non-graphical and has command line interface.

If the operating system can be controlled by the mouse, if the system communicates with the user using graphic images (icons), then they say that it has graphical user interface.

Over time, there will be operating systems that can be controlled by voice. Perhaps their interface will be called speech.

File system

All information on the computer is stored in files on external media. File

Directory (folder, directory) Is a named object designed to combine files and other folders into groups based on some attribute.

Each file has a unique name in the given directory, by which the computer finds it. File (directory) name Is a character set that does not contain the following characters: /, \,*, ?, :,«, <, >, |. Full file name consists of its name and extension, which is separated by a dot, and consists of 3 - 4 characters. (For example: key.txt)

Expansiondetermines what type the file belongs to, that is, what kind of information is stored in it.

Extension types:

· DOC, TXT - contains text information;

· BMP, JPEG - contains graphic information;

· AVI - contains video information;

· WAV– contains audio information;

· EXE, COM - extensions of executable files that, after launch, enter a certain environment (for example, a game, an environment for creating text or a picture).

: size (number of bytes), type (only for files), creation date and time, icon (WINDOWS).

You can perform the following actions on each object: open, rename, move, copy, save, delete, send.

Filesystem structure

Since directories can be stored in other directories along with files, this structure is called hierarchical (tree) file system.

The Windows developers have established a clear folder hierarchy. The highest level in this hierarchy is occupied by the "Desktop" folder. The next step is "My Computer" and "Trash". The third stage contains logical drives, "Control Panel" and "Printers". A logical drive is the top of a tree of ordinary folders containing files and other folders.

The path to the file kolobok.txt: А: \\ Fairy tales \\ kolobok.txt

Devil.com file path: A: \\ GAME \\ Devil May Cry 4 \\ Devil.com

Control questions

1. What does the operating system provide?

2. List the functions of the operating system.

3. Give the definition of the interface. What are they?

4. What is a file? Catalog? Logical drive? How are they named?

5. What is the purpose of wrappers?

Exercises

H Exercise 1

Choose the correct answer and mark it. Justify your answer.

1. Computer support, consisting of various devices:

1) hardware;

2) software;

3) custom.

3. Contains individual data:

2) pictogram;

3) interface.

5. Icon symbolizing the object:

2) directory;

3) pictogram.

H Assignment 2

Formulate a definition:

H Assignment 3

Insert missing words:

1) Interaction between different nodes is _______________________ interface.

2) The interaction of a person with a program and a program with a person is called an interface _____________________________________ .

3) _______________ Is a named area on external media.

4) _________________________________________ - a named object designed to combine ___________________ and other folders into groups based on some attribute.

Each object on external media has the following characteristics : _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Assignment 4

Set the correspondence (connect with arrows):

Assignment 5

Underline the unnecessary:

· Text editor, graphics editor, compiler, translator;

· Archiver, word processor, disk maintenance program, anti-virus program;

· Compiler, desktop publishing system, debugger, integrated application development environment.

Assignment 6

Fill in the table.

Assignment 7

Keyboard skills

Open a text editor Start - Programs - Accessories - Notepad.
Type one line from each column of the word in capital letters:

and)	b)	at)
Ehe	ECHO	GOOD ON A HOT DAY IN THE FOREST
ЪЭЪЪЭ	ERA	SOFT AIR SPILLS AN AUTUMN ODOR
EEEE	POET	A stormy sea spread out in front of my eyes
Kommersant	FLOOR	A GOOD LETTER ON A CAR REQUIRES A LOT OF ATTENTION
ЪЪЭЪЭ	ETHER	ON THE FACADES OF OLD HOUSES THE DATE IS WRITTEN IN ROMAN NUMBERS
EEEE	EPOS
Eeehe	WILL
ЪЭЪЭЭЪ	CONGRESS
EehehE	SCREEN

Features of the WINDOWS environment

1. standardization of the user interface;

2. optimal control of the OP;

3. the ability to connect new external devices;

4. integration of program functions, i.e. the ability to use in a specific program objects created by means of another program;

5. multitasking, i.e. the ability to simultaneously run multiple applications and easily switch from one program to another;

6. the transition to the predominant use of the graphics mode, which makes it possible to change the functionality of the PC (animation, multimedia, etc.).

WINDOWS screen

The WINDOWS screen consists of two components: the desktop and the taskbar.

Desktop – this is the part of the screen that contains icons representing various folders, programs, documents, and shortcuts. Also on the desktop there are windows of applications and documents, which can be located in different places of the "table", cover each other, move around the "table" and change their size. Depending on the nature of the work, you can keep several windows on the desktop.

At the bottom of the screen is task bar (in the figure, pointer # 1), with the help of which the user guides the process of launching applications and switching between them. On the left side of the taskbar there is a "Start" button (in the figure, index 2), which allows you to perform a number of system functions.

WINDOWS Objects

application- application program.

Task- running application.

Window -a rectangular segment of the screen, usually enclosed by a frame.

Types of windows

Application window - the window in which the application is running. Below are examples of application windows:

Application program

Application program or attachment - a program designed to perform certain user tasks and is designed for direct interaction with the user. In most operating systems, application programs cannot access computer resources directly, but interact with hardware, etc. through the operating system.

Definition

TO application software (application software) refers to programs written for users or by the users themselves to assign a specific job to a computer. Order processing or distribution list programs are an example of application software. Programmers who write application software are called application programmers.

Application software classification

Application software of enterprises and organizations. For example, financial management, customer relationship system, supply chain. This type also includes departmental software for small businesses, as well as software for individual departments within a large enterprise. (Examples: Travel Expense Management, IT Support)
Enterprise infrastructure software. Provides general capabilities to support enterprise software. These are databases, e-mail servers, network management and security.
Information worker software. Serves the needs of individual users to create and manage information. These are typically time management, resource management, documentation, such as word processing, spreadsheets, e-mail and blog clients, personal information systems, and media editors.
Content Access Software. It is used to access certain programs or resources without editing them (however, it can also include the editing function). Designed for groups or individual users of digital content. These are, for example, media players, web browsers, auxiliary browsers, etc.
Educational software is similar in content to software for media and entertainment, but unlike it has clear requirements for testing user knowledge and tracking progress in learning a particular material. Many educational programs include sharing and multi-stakeholder functions.
Simulation software. Used to simulate physical or abstract systems for scientific research, teaching, or entertainment.
Tooling software in the field of media. Meet the needs of users who produce print or electronic media resources for other consumers, on a commercial or educational basis. These are programs for printing processing, layout, multimedia processing, HTML editors, digital animation editors, digital sound editors, etc.
Application programs for design and construction. Used in the development of hardware ("hardware") and software. Includes computer aided design (CAD), computer aided engineering (CAE), editing and compiling programming languages, Integrated Development Environments, Application Programmer Interfaces.

Types of application programs

Application programs are such programs, the purpose of which is aimed at solving certain problems and directly interact with the user. Computer programs are needed to automate any processes, storage and processing of data, modeling, design, etc. complex computing processes. Programs are generally divided into two classes: system programs and application programs. The former are mainly used to process incoming information from some equipment: a network card, a video card, connected equipment, i.e. these are programs that interact with hardware or external devices. We will talk about them in the following articles. But about the second - applied programs, let's talk in more detail.

Application programs are designed to interact with the end user, i.e. the user, as it were, interacts with himself, but only through the program, enters some data at the input and receives a certain result of the processed data at the output. This is a kind of decision to a certain applied task, for example, this is scanning images and their subsequent processing or searching for the desired files. The use of application programs can be observed in almost all spheres of human activity, whether it is accounting at an enterprise or the creation of graphic images, drawing, etc. Also, the use of application programs is present in such very important systems as database management systems. This is very important in large enterprises where a large number of users work and who really need to store and use large amounts of information.

Types and examples of application programs

Application programs are:

Text editors. Designed for creating and editing text without decoration;
Word processors (MS Word). More advanced text editors that allow you to edit text with design, change fonts and its sizes, insert graphic files, tables, etc. for a more presentable text design;
Electronic tables (MS Excell). Mostly used to process any data contained in these tables. Applied tasks most often they are performed to store credentials with their subsequent analysis;
Raster and vector graphic editors (Photoshop, Corel), "viewers". Using application programs of this type allows you to create, edit, as well as view graphic images;
Audio video players, editors (WinAmp). Allows you to view videos, listen to music, create musical compositions;
Database management systems (for example - MSQL). Such programs are used to work with databases. For example, a customer accounting program is a simple database for storing customer information, their contact information, etc. You can carry out operations to search, delete and add records to the database;
Translators or electronic dictionaries. Such application programs allow you to effortlessly translate text into different foreign languages \u200b\u200bwithout directly studying them;
Computer games. Used for entertainment or for development in a playful way.

One example of an application is, for example, a repost counting program. It is difficult to list all types of application programs, but we have tried to highlight the main application programs.

Type