Intel core i5 6400 processor card Intel® Clear Video HD Technology

The date the product was first introduced.

Lithography

Lithography refers to the semiconductor technology used to manufacture an integrated circuit, and is reported in nanometer (nm), indicative of the size of features built on the semiconductor.

# of Cores

Cores is a hardware term that describes the number of independent central processing units in a single computing component (die or chip).

# of Threads

A Thread, or thread of execution, is a software term for the basic ordered sequence of instructions that can be passed through or processed by a single CPU core.

Processor Base Frequency

Processor Base Frequency describes the rate at which the processor "s transistors open and close. The processor base frequency is the operating point where TDP is defined. Frequency is measured in gigahertz (GHz), or billion cycles per second.

Max Turbo Frequency

Max turbo frequency is the maximum single core frequency at which the processor is capable of operating using Intel® Turbo Boost Technology and, if present, Intel® Thermal Velocity Boost. Frequency is measured in gigahertz (GHz), or billion cycles per second.

Cache

CPU Cache is an area of \u200b\u200bfast memory located on the processor. Intel® Smart Cache refers to the architecture that allows all cores to dynamically share access to the last level cache.

Bus Speed

A bus is a subsystem that transfers data between computer components or between computers. Types include front-side bus (FSB), which carries data between the CPU and memory controller hub; direct media interface (DMI), which is a point-to-point interconnection between an Intel integrated memory controller and an Intel I / O controller hub on the computer’s motherboard; and Quick Path Interconnect (QPI), which is a point-to-point interconnect between the CPU and the integrated memory controller.

TDP

Thermal Design Power (TDP) represents the average power, in watts, the processor dissipates when operating at Base Frequency with all cores active under an Intel-defined, high-complexity workload. Refer to Datasheet for thermal solution requirements.

Embedded Options Available

Embedded Options Available indicates products that offer extended purchase availability for intelligent systems and embedded solutions. Product certification and use condition applications can be found in the Production Release Qualification (PRQ) report. See your Intel representative for details.

Max Memory Size (dependent on memory type)

Max memory size refers to the maximum memory capacity supported by the processor.

Memory Types

Intel® processors come in four different types: a Single Channel, Dual Channel, Triple Channel, and Flex Mode.

Max # of Memory Channels

The number of memory channels refers to the bandwidth operation for real world application.

Max Memory Bandwidth

Max Memory bandwidth is the maximum rate at which data can be read from or stored into a semiconductor memory by the processor (in GB / s).

ECC Memory Supported ‡

ECC Memory Supported indicates processor support for Error-Correcting Code memory. ECC memory is a type of system memory that can detect and correct common kinds of internal data corruption. Note that ECC memory support requires both processor and chipset support.

Processor Graphics ‡

Processor Graphics indicates graphics processing circuitry integrated into the processor, providing the graphics, compute, media, and display capabilities. Intel® HD Graphics, Iris ™ Graphics, Iris Plus Graphics, and Iris Pro Graphics deliver enhanced media conversion, fast frame rates, and 4K Ultra HD (UHD) video. See the Intel® Graphics Technology page for more information.

Graphics Base Frequency

Graphics Base frequency refers to the rated / guaranteed graphics render clock frequency in MHz.

Graphics Max Dynamic Frequency

Graphics max dynamic frequency refers to the maximum opportunistic graphics render clock frequency (in MHz) that can be supported using Intel® HD Graphics with Dynamic Frequency feature.

Graphics Video Max Memory

The maximum amount of memory accessible to processor graphics. Processor graphics operates on the same physical memory as the CPU (subject to OS, driver, and other system limitations).

Graphics Output

Graphics Output defines the interfaces available to communicate with display devices.

Max Resolution (HDMI 1.4) ‡

Max Resolution (HDMI) is the maximum resolution supported by the processor via the HDMI interface (24bits per pixel & 60Hz). System or device display resolution is dependent on multiple system design factors; actual resolution may be lower on your system.

Max Resolution (DP) ‡

Max Resolution (DP) is the maximum resolution supported by the processor via the DP interface (24bits per pixel & 60Hz). System or device display resolution is dependent on multiple system design factors; actual resolution may be lower on your system.

Max Resolution (eDP - Integrated Flat Panel) ‡

Max Resolution (Integrated Flat Panel) is the maximum resolution supported by the processor for a device with an integrated flat panel (24bits per pixel & 60Hz). System or device display resolution is dependent on multiple system design factors; actual resolution may be lower on your device.

Max Resolution (VGA) ‡

Max Resolution (VGA) is the maximum resolution supported by the processor via the VGA interface (24bits per pixel & 60Hz). System or device display resolution is dependent on multiple system design factors; actual resolution may be lower on your system.

DirectX * Support

DirectX * Support indicates support for a specific version of Microsoft's collection of APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) for handling multimedia compute tasks.

OpenGL * Support

OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a cross-language, multi-platform API (Application Programming Interface) for rendering 2D and 3D vector graphics.

Intel® Quick Sync Video

Intel® Quick Sync Video delivers fast conversion of video for portable media players, online sharing, and video editing and authoring.

Intel® InTru ™ 3D Technology

Intel® InTru ™ 3D Technology provides stereoscopic 3-D Blu-ray * playback in full 1080p resolution over HDMI * 1.4 and premium audio.

Intel® Clear Video HD Technology

Intel® Clear Video HD Technology, like its predecessor, Intel® Clear Video Technology, is a suite of image decode and processing technologies built into the integrated processor graphics that improve video playback, delivering cleaner, sharper images, more natural, accurate, and vivid colors, and a clear and stable video picture. Intel® Clear Video HD Technology adds video quality enhancements for richer color and more realistic skin tones.

Intel® Clear Video Technology

Intel® Clear Video Technology is a suite of image decode and processing technologies built into the integrated processor graphics that improve video playback, delivering cleaner, sharper images, more natural, accurate, and vivid colors, and a clear and stable video picture.

PCI Express Revision

PCI Express Revision is the version supported by the processor. Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (or PCIe) is a high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard for attaching hardware devices to a computer. The different PCI Express versions support different data rates.

PCI Express Configurations ‡

PCI Express (PCIe) Configurations describe the available PCIe lane configurations that can be used to link the PCH PCIe lanes to PCIe devices.

Max # of PCI Express Lanes

A PCI Express (PCIe) lane consists of two differential signaling pairs, one for receiving data, one for transmitting data, and is the basic unit of the PCIe bus. # of PCI Express Lanes is the total number supported by the processor.

Sockets Supported

The socket is the component that provides the mechanical and electrical connections between the processor and motherboard.

Thermal Solution Specification

Intel Reference Heat Sink specification for proper operation of this processor.

T CASE

Case Temperature is the maximum temperature allowed at the processor Integrated Heat Spreader (IHS).

Intel® Optane ™ Memory Supported ‡

Intel® Optane ™ memory is a revolutionary new class of non-volatile memory that sits in between system memory and storage to accelerate system performance and responsiveness. When combined with the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology Driver, it seamlessly manages multiple tiers of storage while presenting one virtual drive to the OS, ensuring that data frequently used resides on the fastest tier of storage. Intel® Optane ™ memory requires specific hardware and software configuration. Visit www.intel.com/OptaneMemory for configuration requirements.

Intel® Turbo Boost Technology ‡

Intel® Turbo Boost Technology dynamically increases the processor 's frequency as needed by taking advantage of thermal and power headroom to give you a burst of speed when you need it, and increased energy efficiency when you don’t.

Intel® vPro ™ Platform Eligibility ‡

The Intel vPro® platform is a set of hardware and technologies used to build business computing endpoints with premium performance, built-in security, modern manageability and platform stability.
Learn more about Intel vPro®

Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology ‡

Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology (Intel® HT Technology) delivers two processing threads per physical core. Highly threaded applications can get more work done in parallel, completing tasks sooner.

Intel® Virtualization Technology (VT-x) ‡

Intel® Virtualization Technology (VT-x) allows one hardware platform to function as multiple “virtual” platforms. It offers improved manageability by limiting downtime and maintaining productivity by isolating computing activities into separate partitions.

Intel® Virtualization Technology for Directed I / O (VT-d) ‡

Intel® Virtualization Technology for Directed I / O (VT-d) continues from the existing support for IA-32 (VT-x) and Itanium® processor (VT-i) virtualization adding new support for I / O-device virtualization. Intel VT-d can help end users improve security and reliability of the systems and also improve performance of I / O devices in virtualized environments.

Intel® VT-x with Extended Page Tables (EPT) ‡

Intel® VT-x with Extended Page Tables (EPT), also known as Second Level Address Translation (SLAT), provides acceleration for memory intensive virtualized applications. Extended Page Tables in Intel® Virtualization Technology platforms reduces the memory and power overhead costs and increases battery life through hardware optimization of page table management.

Intel® TSX-NI

Intel® Transactional Synchronization Extensions New Instructions (Intel® TSX-NI) are a set of instructions focused on multi-threaded performance scaling. This technology helps make parallel operations more efficient via improved control of locks in software.

Intel® 64 ‡

Intel® 64 architecture delivers 64-bit computing on server, workstation, desktop and mobile platforms when combined with supporting software.¹ Intel 64 architecture improves performance by allowing systems to address more than 4 GB of both virtual and physical memory.

Instruction Set

An instruction set refers to the basic set of commands and instructions that a microprocessor understands and can carry out. The value shown represents which Intel's instruction set this processor is compatible with.

Instruction Set Extensions

Instruction Set Extensions are additional instructions which can increase performance when the same operations are performed on multiple data objects. These can include SSE (Streaming SIMD Extensions) and AVX (Advanced Vector Extensions).

Idle states

Idle States (C-states) are used to save power when the processor is idle. C0 is the operational state, meaning that the CPU is doing useful work. C1 is the first idle state, C2 the second, and so on, where more power saving actions are taken for numerically higher C-states.

Enhanced Intel SpeedStep® Technology

Enhanced Intel SpeedStep® Technology is an advanced means of enabling high performance while meeting the power-conservation needs of mobile systems. Conventional Intel SpeedStep® Technology switches both voltage and frequency in tandem between high and low levels in response to processor load. Enhanced Intel SpeedStep® Technology builds upon that architecture using design strategies such as Separation between Voltage and Frequency Changes, and Clock Partitioning and Recovery.

Thermal Monitoring Technologies

Thermal Monitoring Technologies protect the processor package and the system from thermal failure through several thermal management features. An on-die Digital Thermal Sensor (DTS) detects the core's temperature, and the thermal management features reduce package power consumption and thereby temperature when required in order to remain within normal operating limits.

Intel® Identity Protection Technology ‡

Intel® Identity Protection Technology is a built-in security token technology that helps provide a simple, tamper-resistant method for protecting access to your online customer and business data from threats and fraud. Intel® IPT provides a hardware-based proof of a unique user’s PC to websites, financial institutions, and network services; Providing verification that it is not malware attempting to login. Intel® IPT can be a key component in two-factor authentication solutions to protect your information at websites and business log-ins.

Intel® Stable Image Platform Program (SIPP)

The Intel® Stable Image Platform Program (Intel® SIPP) aims for zero changes to key platform components and drivers for at least 15 months or until the next generational release, reducing complexity for IT to effectively manage their computing endpoints.
Learn more about Intel® SIPP

Intel® AES New Instructions

Intel® AES New Instructions (Intel® AES-NI) are a set of instructions that enable fast and secure data encryption and decryption. AES-NI are valuable for a wide range of cryptographic applications, for example: applications that perform bulk encryption / decryption, authentication, random number generation, and authenticated encryption.

Secure Key

Intel® Secure Key consists of a digital random number generator that creates truly random numbers to strengthen encryption algorithms.

Intel® Software Guard Extensions (Intel® SGX)

Intel® Software Guard Extensions (Intel® SGX) provide applications the ability to create hardware enforced trusted execution protection for their applications ’sensitive routines and data. Intel® SGX provides developers a way to partition their code and data into CPU hardened trusted execution environments (TEE's).

Intel® Memory Protection Extensions (Intel® MPX)

Intel® Memory Protection Extensions (Intel® MPX) provides a set of hardware features that can be used by software in conjunction with compiler changes to check that memory references intended at compile time do not become unsafe at runtime due to buffer overflow or underflow.

Intel® Trusted Execution Technology ‡

Intel® Trusted Execution Technology for safer computing is a versatile set of hardware extensions to Intel® processors and chipsets that enhance the digital office platform with security capabilities such as measured launch and protected execution. It enables an environment where applications can run within their own space, protected from all other software on the system.

Execute Disable Bit ‡

Execute Disable Bit is a hardware-based security feature that can reduce exposure to viruses and malicious-code attacks and prevent harmful software from executing and propagating on the server or network.

Intel® Boot Guard

Intel® Device Protection Technology with Boot Guard helps protect the system's pre-OS environment from viruses and malicious software attacks.

INTRODUCTION This year's Intel microarchitecture update, which resulted in Skylake, is not typical or common. While these CPUs did not make any particularly significant improvements in performance or frequency potential from the point of view of desktop users, their arrival on the market showed very different things. Namely, Intel for the first time faced serious problems in adherence to its "tick-tock" principle, and these problems have not been resolved in the foreseeable future. In other words, modern technological processes have reached that qualitative barrier, overcoming which, when introducing finer production standards, requires such serious efforts that the launch and debugging of the mass production of chips began to take much longer than it was required before. We saw all this in full growth in new processors, for the production of which 14-nm technology with second-generation three-dimensional transistors should be used. First, there was a delay and the actual cancellation of the desktop Broadwell, and then the current Skylake processors fell victim to problems, the supply of which is still taking place with noticeable interruptions. As a result, Intel even started talking about the fact that the interpretation of Moore's Law should be weakened, and new processor designs will now be released not annually, but about once every one and a half years.

For us, all this means that we will have to live with the Skylake microarchitecture much longer than with its predecessors. According to the global plans shared by Intel, the arrival of the next generation of microarchitecture, Cannonlake, will not occur until the second half of 2017. And next year, only a kind of Skylake Refresh will be presented to the users' judgment - Kaby Lake processors, for the production of which the same 14-nm technical process will be used.

And this is already enough to give Skylake a little more attention than is usually given to the share of certain new processors. Three articles have already been published on our site, to one degree or another discussing processors for desktop personal computers built on the Skylake microarchitecture:

Review of processors Core i5-6600K and Core i5-6500: introduction to Intel Skylake;
Five generations of Core i7: from Sandy Bridge to Skylake. Comparative testing;
Dual-core Skylake: Core i3-6320, Core i3-6100 and Pentium G4400 review.

However, we again decided to return to the Skylake topic and separately consider those desktop processors that have not yet been discussed in detail: this article will focus on quad-core processors that are not targeted at the overclocking audience and do not offer unlocked multipliers.

Such processors are interesting today for at least three reasons. Firstly, they are slightly cheaper than the Core i7-6700K and i5-6600K, which in the current economic conditions is a very noticeable advantage that can win over a fairly large audience of buyers to their side. Secondly, due to problems with the 14nm process technology, the flagship Core i7-6700K and i5-6600K are in short supply. This is not very noticeable in the assortment of Russian stores (due to low demand for expensive CPUs), but in the global market, the supply of older overclocking Skylakes is very limited. Therefore, even if the older Skylakes come at retail, their prices turn out to be higher than the values \u200b\u200brecommended by Intel. And thirdly, it suddenly turned out that even overclockers can be satisfied with low-end quad-core processors. Major motherboard manufacturers have found a loophole that allows any Skylake processor to be overclocked by increasing the base frequency of the BCLK. As a result, LGA 1151 processors, which were initially considered completely unsuitable for this, now also have the ability to operate at a frequency significantly higher than the nominal.

That is why we made the neo-overclocker quad-core processors Core i7-6700, i5-6600, i5-6500 and i5-6400 as the main heroes of our next processor testing. As part of this material, we will look at what these CPUs can offer to their owners against the background of the predecessors of the Haswell generation and in comparison with the flagship processors Core i7-6700K and i5-6600K, discussed in our materials earlier.

What's wrong with Intel's 14nm process

It will soon be half a year since Intel unveiled its 14nm Skylake processors aimed at an enthusiast audience: the Core i7-6700K and Core i5-6600K. However, during this time the issue of their widespread availability has not been resolved. This problem is most acute in Western European countries and North America, which is easy to trace in the assortment of the largest online stores. For example, at the time of this writing, both of these flagship processors were out of stock on Newegg.com, while Amazon.com was selling the latest in stock. Such a somewhat strange situation for Intel products has been going on since the summer - unfortunately, Intel still hasn't been able to provide senior desktop Skylakes for everyone.

Moreover, the lack of the necessary marketable quantities of Core i7-6700K and Core i5-6600K on sale leads to the fact that sellers begin to sell them at prices significantly higher than the recommended ones. Recall that the prices for this pair of processors are officially set at $ 339 and $ 242, respectively. In reality, to buy one of these products, you need to overpay significantly. Moreover, here we are talking not only about foreign, but also about domestic stores: as it is easy to see, the effect of underdelivery had a global impact.

What is the root cause of the described negative phenomena? Unfortunately, even Intel itself cannot answer this question briefly and clearly. At all reporting events held by the company, officials confidently say that the implementation of 14nm technology is proceeding according to plan, and the yield of suitable Broadwell and Skylake crystals is gradually approaching the level that the previous 22nm technology provides.

However, this graph, which shows the proportion of suitable crystals produced by different technological processes, does not really describe the full picture. The fact is that against the background of a shortage of older overclocking Skylakes, we see no difficulties with the supply of processors designed for lower clock frequencies. And this means that the problem that struck Intel's 14nm process concerns not so much the yield of good crystals in general, but only affects the older high-frequency models.

In other words, it seems that the shortage of Core i7-6700K and Core i5-6600K arises at the stage of selecting the most successful semiconductor crystals. The proportion of Skylake chips that can operate at relatively high frequencies at acceptable supply voltage levels, that is, those that can be the basis of flagship processors for enthusiasts, is too low to meet demand. As a result, Intel is quite coping with the supply of the required quantities of conventional quad-core processors, but the Core i7-6700K and Core i5-6600K, which not only have higher clock speeds, but must also have some "margin of safety" demanded by overclockers, are given to the microprocessor giant with very hard work. And this, by the way, is very similar to a repetition of the situation that took place with the 14nm processors of the Broadwell generation. After all, 14-nm processors of the first generation also showed clear signs of imperfect technical process: after numerous delays in the release, they not only received lower nominal frequencies compared to their predecessors, but also poorly overclocked.

All this once again indicates that the main problem with the release of high-speed Skylakes lies not so much in the microarchitecture as in the production process. And according to some experts familiar with the situation, Intel seems to have gone too far this time with the scaling of the technical process. Moreover, we are talking not so much about the key parameter - the size of the transistors, but about too aggressive reduction of the step in the thickness of the metallization layers in comparison with the 22-nm technical process.

Indeed, earlier, with each transition to "thinner" production standards, the thickness of the metallization layers decreased by about 1.4 times. However, with the introduction of 14-nm standards, Intel decided to change the step more aggressively in order to reduce the cost of chips, and reduced it in comparison with the 22-nm process by about 1.5 times. And this drive to cut costs has turned into unexpected problems for Intel. The share of semiconductor crystals capable of operating at high frequencies in the total volume of production has significantly decreased, while their cost, on the contrary, has become higher.

All this ultimately led to the described situation. In order to manufacture Core i7-6700K and Core i5-6600K processors, you need especially high-quality semiconductor crystals with a good combination of frequency potential and power consumption. But Intel has not yet been able to get enough of them.

However, speaking of the problems, one cannot mention that Intel looks to the future with optimism and pretends that the short supply of flagship Skylakes is not able to affect the global picture. High-performance gaming systems will continue to be one of the company's top priorities, and Intel expects significant growth in this segment in 2016, which is expected to reach 26 percent.

True, it may not be satisfied with Skylake processors, but with their predecessors of the Haswell generation. In light of the current situation with the supply of flagship modifications of the latest processors, their 22nm predecessors of the Haswell generation are offered to customers at significant discounts. And echoes of these discounts can often be seen on the price tags in retail stores, which in certain situations can be a good argument in favor of purchasing a computer based on a previous generation CPU.

However, do not forget that systems built on the basis of desktop Skylake are interesting not only because of the new microarchitecture and 14-nm process technology. Introducing this generation of processors to the market, Intel has paid considerable attention to improving the entire platform, which has gained support for faster DDR4 memory and high-speed interfaces for connecting additional components. That is why, against the background of the shortage of flagship Skylakes, user interest may well shift towards the sixth-generation four-core Core processors, which were not initially oriented towards overclocking. From this position, we will try to look at them.

Simple quad-core Skylake-S: details

So, the main characters today are the most ordinary Skylake processors in the LGA 1151 design, which are not focused on overclocking experiments, but nevertheless have quite advanced characteristics: four processor cores each with or without Hyper-Threading technology support and having a third level of 8 or 6 MB. From the point of view of their basic structure, these processors are similar to the predecessors of the Haswell generation - with the introduction of a new microarchitecture and with the transition to an advanced 14nm process technology, Intel has left the usual characteristics intact. Thus, the Core i7 line continues to include four-core processors with an 8-megabyte L3 cache, capable of executing eight threads at a time, and the Core i5 family includes simpler quad-core processors - without virtual cores and with 6 MB of cache memory. At the same time, any Core i7 and Core i5, unlike their younger counterparts, also have Turbo Boost auto-overclocking technology, and are also equipped with an integrated graphics core of the ninth generation Intel HD Graphics 530.

In other words, we are dealing with the very variety that is commonly referred to as Skylake-S. Such processors are based on a processor crystal described by the 4 + 2 formula - four computational cores and graphics of the GT2 class.

As is well known, the flagship processors Core i7 and Core i5, which are positioned as solutions for enthusiasts, have unlocked multipliers, and this allows you to freely change their operating frequency, memory frequency and graphics core. Such overclocking models can be easily distinguished by the presence of the letter K at the end of the model number. Ordinary common Core i7 and Core i5 models do not have any letters in the name, and for them overclocking by changing the multiplication factors is hardware-locked.

However, the lack of freedom in setting multipliers is not the only sign that distinguishes "regular" quad-core Skylake processors from their overclocking counterparts. In fact, they also tend to have lower clock speeds. Moreover, the difference can be quite significant. For example, in the case of the Core i7 processors, it is as much as 600 MHz, while the Core i5 - 200 MHz. However, this advantage also has a downside: processors that are not overclocking series are more economical. For them, Intel declares a fairly modest 65-watt thermal package, while the calculated heat dissipation of the Core i7-6700K and Core i5-6600K is 91 W. Added to this is the fact that the K-series processors lack support for the vPro technology required to maintain and secure computers in a large enterprise environment. A very noticeable difference in price completes the picture. Even according to the official price list, enthusiast offers are about 8-15 percent more expensive than the older general-purpose Core i7 and i5. Which, most likely, will be the main reason why buyers may want to give preference to low-end quad-core processors without overclocking functions.

The line of ordinary non-overclocking quad-core Skylake family, oriented to use in classic desktop systems, includes four processors. Three chips belong to the Core i5 series and one is included in the Core i7 series. This set of models is intended to completely replace the line of offers of the Haswell Refresh generation, the number of "regular" quad-core processors in which was exactly the same. In order to emphasize the continuity of the model lines, Intel set the same prices for processors of the same class, but of different generations. In other words, Core i7-6700 replaces Core i7-4790, Core i5-6600 - Core i5-4690, Core i5-6500 - Core i5-4590, and Core i5-6400 - Core i5-4460. A complete picture of the new model range can be obtained from the following table, in which we have gathered together the characteristics of all non-overclocking Skylakes with four processing cores.

Apart from the more modern microarchitecture of the sixth generation Core processors, there are actually not so many differences between the new products and similar LGA 1150 processors. However, both frequencies and heat dissipation have changed. Moreover, compared to Haswell, the frequencies suddenly became lower, which, most likely, will be compensated for by a more perfect microarchitecture, and there should be no noticeable drop in performance. As for the typical heat dissipation, it also decreased. This is due both to the fact that in the new processors the integrated voltage regulator has moved from the processor itself to the motherboard, and by the increase in energy efficiency, which ensures the transition to 14nm technology.

Let's see how all this affected the real consumer qualities - performance in applications and heat and power parameters.

How we tested

The main purpose of this test was to compare Skylake's quad-core non-overclocking desktop processors with their flagship K-series counterparts. However, in addition to various LGA 1151 processors, we also included Haswell generation processors in the number of test participants, which in tests should provide an appropriate background for the main characters. In addition, on the final diagrams, you can also find the results of AMD's senior processor - FX-9590, which at its recommended price dropped to $ 240 and therefore can be considered an alternative to Intel's quad-core processors.

As a result, the list of components involved in testing is quite extensive:

Processors:

Intel Core i7-6700K (Skylake, 4 cores + Hyper-Threading, 4.0-4.2 GHz, 8 MB L3);
Intel Core i7-6700 (Skylake, 4 cores + Hyper-Threading, 3.4-4.0 GHz, 8 MB L3);
Intel Core i5-6600K (Skylake, 4 cores, 3.5-3.9 GHz, 6 MB L3);
Intel Core i5-6600 (Skylake, 4 cores, 3.3-3.9 GHz, 6 MB L3);
Intel Core i5-6500 (Skylake, 4 cores, 3.2-3.6 GHz, 6 MB L3);
Intel Core i5-6400 (Skylake, 4 cores, 2.7-3.3 GHz, 6 MB L3);
Intel Core i7-4790K (Haswell, 4 cores + Hyper-Threading, 4.0-4.4 GHz, 8 MB L3);
Intel Core i5-4690K (Haswell, 4 cores, 3.5-3.9 GHz, 6 MB L3);
Intel Core i5-4590 (Haswell, 4 cores, 3.3-3.7 GHz, 6 MB L3);
Intel Core i5-4460 (Haswell, 4 cores, 3.2-3.4 GHz, 6 MB L3);
AMD FX-9590 (Vishera, 8 cores, 4.7-5.0 GHz, 8 MB L3).

CPU cooler: Noctua NH-U14S.
Motherboards:

ASUS Maximus VIII Ranger (LGA 1151, Intel Z170);
ASUS Z97-Pro (LGA 1150, Intel Z97);
ASUS M5A99FX Pro R2.0 (Socket AM3 +, AMD 990FX + SB950).

Memory:

2x8 GB DDR3-2133 SDRAM, 9-11-11-31 (G.Skill F3-2133C9D-16GTX);
2x8 GB DDR4-2666 SDRAM, 15-15-15-35 (Corsair Vengeance LPX CMK16GX4M2A2666C16R).

Video card: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 980 Ti (6 GB / 384-bit GDDR5, 1000-1076 / 7010 MHz).
Disk subsystem: Kingston Hyperx savage 480 GB (SHSS37A / 480G).
PSU: Corsair RM850i \u200b\u200b(80 Plus Gold, 850W).

Testing was performed on the operating system Microsoft Windows 10 Enterprise Build 10240 using the following set of drivers:

AMD Chipset Drivers Crimson Edition;
Intel Chipset Driver 10.1.1.8;
Intel Management Engine Interface Driver 11.0.0.1157;
NVIDIA GeForce 355.98 Driver.

And before proceeding directly to the test results, we present screenshots of the CPU-Z diagnostic utility, taken for all processors - the heroes of this review. Using them, you can once again clarify the characteristics of the quad-core Skylake, which are not related to the series of overclocking processors.

Core i7-6700Core i5-6600Core i5-6500Core i5-6400

Performance

Overall performance

To assess the performance of processors in common tasks, we traditionally use the Bapco SYSmark test package, which simulates the user's work in real common modern office programs and applications for creating and processing digital content. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe test is very simple: it produces a single metric that characterizes the weighted average speed of a computer during everyday use. After the release of the Windows 10 operating system, this benchmark was once again updated, and now we use the latest version - SYSmark 2014 1.5.

Naturally, there can be no surprises in the performance of Skylake generation quad-core processors. First, due to the lower clock speed, they are somewhat slower than their overclocking counterparts. In particular, the Core i7-6700 lags behind the Core i7-6700K by 8 percent. True, at the same time, the Core i5-6600 works at almost the same speed as the Core i5-6600K - the difference in the frequencies of these processors is not so noticeable. Secondly, Skylake generation processors are generally slightly more productive than Haswell processors. Their advantage is not fundamental, but there is an approximately 3% difference between their results. Consequently, the new microarchitecture does indeed compensate for the slightly decreased frequencies of new products.

However, it should be borne in mind that the indicator in SYSmark 2014 1.5 is a kind of weighted average performance metric and in some situations the state of affairs can be radically different. And we will see this further, in tests in applications.

A deeper understanding of the SYSmark 2014 1.5 results can give an introduction to the performance estimates obtained in various scenarios of using the system. The Office Productivity script simulates typical office work: preparing word, processing spreadsheets, working with e-mail, and surfing the Internet. The script uses the following set of applications: Adobe Acrobat XI Pro, Google Chrome 32, Microsoft Excel 2013, Microsoft OneNote 2013, Microsoft Outlook 2013, Microsoft PowerPoint 2013, Microsoft Word 2013, WinZip Pro 17.5 Pro.

The Media Creation scenario simulates the creation of a commercial using pre-shot digital images and video. The popular packages Adobe Photoshop CS6 Extended, Adobe Premiere Pro CS6 and Trimble SketchUp Pro 2013 are used for this purpose.

The Data / Financial Analysis scenario is devoted to statistical analysis and investment forecasting based on a certain financial model. The script uses large amounts of numerical data and two applications Microsoft Excel 2013 and WinZip Pro 17.5 Pro.

In the Media Creation and Office Productivity scenarios, we see exactly the picture that was already described in the analysis of the overall performance rating in SYSmark. However, the Data / Financial Analysis scenario adds some variety to the results. It arises due to the fact that the senior Devil's Canyon processor, Core i7-4790K, performs well during intensive mathematical calculations, which are simulated in this case. And here it will be appropriate to recall that the older Core i7 processors aimed at the overclocking audience traditionally receive noticeably higher frequencies than the rest of the line. Like the Core i7-6700K, its predecessor, the Core i7-4790K, has a clock speed exceeding the 4GHz mark, which sets such processors in their families. However, despite all this, the Core i7-6700 is able to compete with the Core i7-4790K on equal terms, which once again indicates the importance of the microarchitectural improvements made in Skylake.

Gaming performance

As you know, the performance of platforms equipped with high-performance processors in the vast majority of modern games is determined by the power of the graphics subsystem. That is why, when testing processors, we select the most processor-dependent games, and we measure the number of frames twice. In the first pass, tests are carried out without enabling anti-aliasing and setting far from the highest resolutions. These settings allow you to assess how well processors perform with a gaming load in principle, which means they allow you to make guesses about how the tested computing platforms will behave in the future when faster options for graphics accelerators appear on the market. The second pass is performed with realistic settings - when choosing FullHD-resolution and the maximum level of full-screen anti-aliasing. In our opinion, such results are no less interesting, since they answer the frequently asked question about what level of gaming performance processors can provide right now - in modern conditions.

However, in this testing we put together a powerful graphics subsystem based on the flagship NVIDIA GeForce GTX 980 Ti graphics card. As a result, in some games, the frame rate showed a dependence on processor performance even in FullHD-resolution.

FullHD results with maximum quality settings

Generally speaking, the gaming performance of systems built on Intel's quad-core processors does not differ too much. Still, the main influence on the frame rate in games is not the central processor, but the video card. And the power of modern quad-core processors (if, of course, they were not designed by AMD engineers) is quite enough to reveal the performance of an arbitrarily expensive single-processor gaming video card.

However, some differences in the gaming performance of the heroes of today's review can still be found. So, the Skylake generation Core i7 and Core i5 processors are capable of delivering slightly higher frame rates compared to equivalent Haswell generation processors. However, the senior from Devil’s Canyon still does not intend to give up his positions - his performance is higher than that of any non-overclocking Skylake. As for the difference in speed of the new LGA 1151 processors with and without overclocking capabilities, it is completely homeopathic in nature. And this means that for gaming systems, choosing processors with the letter K in the name has only if you are going to engage in serious overclocking experiments.

Results at reduced resolution

Reducing the resolution allows you to see the game processor dependence more clearly. And looking at these results, we can unequivocally say that Skylake's quad-core processors are generally faster than their predecessors with an equal price. The gap is such that the youngest of the sixth-generation Core i5 reaches up to senior Core i5 Haswell series. And the Core i7-6700 competes quite successfully with the Core i7-4790K.

It is also necessary to note a couple more remarkable facts. The regular Core i5-6600 processor offers almost exactly the same level of gaming performance as its overclocking sibling, the Core i5-6600K. However, a similar parallel can no longer be drawn for the Core i7. The flagship LGA 1151 processor, the Core i7-6700K, beats the only non-overclocker model in this series, the Core i7-6700, by an average of 9 percent.

Testing in real games is completed by the results of the popular synthetic benchmark Futuremark 3DMark.

In the 3DMark test application, which has a noticeable processor dependence, the picture is somewhat different. Here, the first places are held by the overclocking Core i7 generations of Haswell and Skylake, and the Core i7-6700 is only approaching their result from below. In the Core i5 series, the difference in performance between the representative of the K-series and its counterpart with the same number is much smaller. However, here we can also note the relatively small advantage that Skylake generation processors can offer. If during the tests of the older processors the representatives of the Skylake generation could boast of an approximately 10% increase in performance compared to the predecessors of the Haswell generation, then in the case of the younger quad-core processors this gap is clearly smaller. The fact is that the rather strict limits of the thermal package and problems with the production process have limited the clock speeds of the new quad-core processors. As a result, their superiority is not very noticeable.

In-app tests

In Autodesk 3ds max 2016, we test the final render speed. This measures the time it takes to render at 1920x1080 using the mental ray renderer for one frame of a standard Hummer scene.

Another test of the final rendering is carried out by us using the popular free 3D graphics package Blender 2.75a. In it we measure the duration of building the final model from Blender Cycles Benchmark rev4.

We measure the performance of websites and web applications built with modern technologies using the new Microsoft Edge 20.10240.16384.0 browser. For this, a specialized test WebXPRT 2015 is used, which implements algorithms that are actually used in Internet applications in HTML5 and JavaScript.

Performance testing for graphics processing takes place in Adobe Photoshop CC 2015. The average execution time of a test script, which is a creatively reworked Retouch Artists Photoshop Speed \u200b\u200bTest, which includes typical processing of four 24-megapixel images captured by a digital camera, is measured.

At the numerous requests of amateur photographers, we conducted performance testing in the graphics program Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 6.1. The test scenario includes post-processing and export to JPEG with a resolution of 1920x1080 and a maximum quality of two hundred 12MP RAW images taken with a Nikon D300 digital camera.

Adobe Premiere Pro CC 2015 tests non-linear video editing performance. This measures the rendering time to H.264 of a Blu-Ray project containing HDV 1080p25 footage with various effects applied.

To measure the speed of processors when compressing information, we use the WinRAR 5.3 archiver, with the help of which we archive a folder with various files with a total volume of 1.7 GB with the maximum compression ratio.

To assess the speed of video transcoding into H.264 format, the x264 FHD Benchmark 1.0.1 (64bit) test is used, based on measuring the encoding time by the x264 encoder of the original video into MPEG-4 / AVC format with a resolution [email protected] and default settings. It should be noted that the results of this benchmark are of great practical importance, since the x264 encoder is at the heart of numerous popular transcoding utilities, for example, HandBrake, MeGUI, VirtualDub, etc. We periodically update the encoder used for performance measurements, and version r2638 took part in this testing, which implements support for all modern instruction sets, including AVX2.

In addition, we have added to the list of test applications a new x265 encoder designed for transcoding video into the promising H.265 / HEVC format, which is a logical continuation of H.264 and is characterized by more efficient compression algorithms. The original [email protected] Y4M video file that is transcoded to H.265 with medium profile. The release of the coder version 1.8 took part in this testing.

No surprises were found when testing the quad-core Skylake in resource-intensive applications. The Core i7 processors, thanks to the support of Hyper-Threading technology, are noticeably faster here than the Core i5, ahead of them by an average of about 30 percent. At the same time, the Haswell Core i7-4790K looks quite good against the background of the new Skylakes. Not only is it noticeably ahead of any Core i5 of the six thousandth series, but it also turns out to be able to compete with the Core i7-6700. However, the flagship Core i7-6700K is still clearly faster: the difference in average performance between it and its counterpart without the letter K at the end of the name is somewhere in the region of 7 percent.

If we compare the processors within the Core i5 series, then the difference between the overclocking flagship and the older CPU with a locked multiplier is almost invisible. And when comparing the performance of Haswell and Skylake, it is easy to see the following empirical principle: Skylake is close in performance to Haswell from the next price point. That is, the Core i5-6500 is comparable to the Core i5-4690, and the Core i5-6400 is comparable to the Core i5-4590. The progress is small, but still nice: for the same price, Intel can get about 6-8 percent higher performance than before.

Energy consumption

When measuring performance, we again did not see any dramatic differences between Haswell and Skylake. Yes, the performance of new products has become higher, but on the whole it is absolutely impossible to call the gain they received cardinal. However, from the point of view of energy characteristics, the changes can be much more noticeable. There are several prerequisites for this. First, a more modern 14nm process technology with second-generation 3D transistors is used to manufacture Skylake processors. Second, the power converter, which was previously in the processor, has been moved to the motherboard, which allows for more efficient circuits.

From the point of view of formal characteristics, the calculated heat dissipation of the quad-core Skylake has become less than that of Haswell, by as much as 19 W. Thanks to this, by the way, the series of processors with the letter S at the end of the model number has been abolished in the current line of CPUs. All regular Core i7 and Core i5 (with the exception of overclocking models) now have a TDP set at 65W. Previously, such processors formed a separate series, in which processors were assigned artificially low frequencies. However, as we know, Intel's TDP is a value that describes the real power consumption and heat dissipation of processors only indirectly. Our traditional natural experiment will show how things are in reality.

The new Corsair RM850i \u200b\u200bdigital power supply we used in the test system allows us to monitor the consumed and output electrical power, which we use for measurements. The following graph shows the total system consumption (without monitor) measured "after" the power supply, which is the sum of the power consumption of all components involved in the system. The efficiency of the power supply itself is not taken into account in this case. For a correct assessment of power consumption, we have activated the turbo mode and all the energy-saving technologies available in the processors.

Thanks to the introduction of deeper energy-saving modes, platforms built on Skylake processors began to consume significantly less than their predecessors, even in an idle state.

The Skylake's efficiency is visible under load as well. However, when transcoding the video, the same 19-watt difference that is promised in the TDP is not visible between Haswell and Skylake. Platforms based on the new quad-core processors can save up to 10 watts at best.

The following diagram shows the maximum power consumption under load created by the 64-bit version of LinX 0.6.5 utility with support for the AVX2 instruction set, which is based on the Linpack package, which has an exorbitant appetite for energy.

But under the most severe load, the difference in the consumption of processors of different generations becomes more obvious. Even the Core i7-6700 turns out to be more economical than the Core i5-4690K, while the Core i5-6600 is inferior in consumption to the youngest four-core Haswell.

All this means that Skylake processors are significantly better than their predecessors in terms of specific performance per watt of consumed electricity. And moreover, if we compare the sixth generation quad-core Cores we tested by this indicator, the best options will be the youngest representatives in the Core i5 and Core i7 series, that is, Core i5-6400 and Core i7-6700.

Overclocking

If you follow what is happening in the overclocking arena, then you probably know that recently the attention of enthusiasts has become towards the Skylake processors that are not related to the K-series, that is, they do not have unlocked multipliers. Previously, these processors were considered completely incapable of overclocking, but recent events have turned this view upside down. The fact is that the leading motherboard manufacturers were finally able to figure out how to control the BCLK frequency for any Skylake processors, and not just overclocker modifications. As a result, for some motherboards based on the set system logic Intel Z170 appeared experimental versions of firmware, which added the long-awaited ability to overclock any CPU by changing the frequency of the base generator.

The history of the issue is as follows. In the latest generations of its processors, Intel began to allocate special products for overclocking, the list of modifications of which is very limited, and the cost is higher than that of common counterparts. Such processors are distinguished by the fact that their multipliers, through which the operating frequency are formed, are not locked at the hardware level and due to this they can be changed through the BIOS Setup of the motherboard at the user's request. Non-overclocking CPUs are deprived of such an opportunity.

However, do not forget that the clock frequency at which the processor operates is the product of two parameters - the multiplier and the base frequency. And while the multiplier in conventional processors not intended for overclocking is rigidly locked, there is still an alternative way to overclock - by increasing the base frequency of BCLK. The only problem is that in the latest Intel platforms for Sandy Bridge, Ivy Bridge and Haswell processors, the BCLK frequency is rigidly connected with other frequencies in the system, for example, with the frequency of the DMI and PCI Express buses, which, even with a slight deviation from the nominal values, lose the ability to normal operation. As a result, increasing the BCLK frequency by more than 3-5 percent usually leads to distortion of the data transmitted over the buses and causes instability or complete inoperability of the system.

But with the release of Skylake processors and the LGA 1151 platform, the usual situation has changed. In this platform, the PCI Express bus and a set of system logic are separated into a separate domain, the frequency of which remains fixed regardless of how the BCLK changes. Only the in-processor components remained rigidly tied to the base BCLK frequency: computing cores, cache, integrated graphics core, memory controller and other Uncore components that can tolerate a noticeable increase in it.

However, the first experiments on overclocking non-K-series Skylake processors did not bear any fruit. Despite all the above, Intel was able to implement BCLK overclocking protection, which in conventional Skylake processors did not allow raising the base frequency above 103-104 MHz. But fortunately, as it turned out now, this protection is not hardware in nature, and can be bypassed at the software level. In other words, motherboard manufacturers, if they wish, can bypass this protection by means of BIOS.

The first breakthrough in this direction was made by Supermicro - it was on the board C7H170-M of this company that the fundamental possibility of operation of non-overclocker Skylake processors with a greatly increased BCLK frequency was demonstrated. And after Supermicro, other companies quickly implemented similar functionality. To date, almost all flagship motherboards from ASUS, ASRock, Biostar and MSI have acquired experimental BIOS versions, which have added full BCLK frequency control for non-K processors.

However, not everything is so simple. It is obvious that at the moment the overclocking function for non-overclocking processors is still not fully worked out. In particular, increasing their BCLK frequency leads to blocking of some energy saving opportunities and not only. Moreover, the list of unsolved problems is by no means small. Here's what catches your eye when overclocking non-K processors in the first place:

The processor stops going into power-saving states (C-states) and always operates at the maximum frequency and at the maximum supply voltage. Intel Enhanced SpeedStep Technology also fails.
The possibility of temperature monitoring using the sensors built into the CPU disappears. Any tools that allow you to control the thermal regime of the processor always return a temperature of 100 degrees for its cores.
Turbo Boost technology loses its functionality.
The graphics core integrated into the processor refuses to work.
System stability is lost at high memory frequencies.
The speed of execution of AVX / AVX2 instructions is significantly reduced. The speed of algorithms actively working with these vector commands can even drop several times.

In addition, there is a nonzero chance that many of these problems cannot be solved in principle. And overclocking processors that were not originally designed for overclocking will still not be as simple and effective as in the case of using special CPUs related to the K-series. But nevertheless, we decided not to bypass the promising opportunities that had opened up and tried to overclock our test processors by increasing the BCLK frequency. Fortunately, for the ASUS Maximus VIII Ranger motherboard we used in the test system, a specialized unofficial version of the firmware has recently been released, which allows overclocking when using non-overclocking processors by manipulating the base frequency.

Let's make a reservation right away, our overclocking tests by changing the BCLK frequency were approximate. In the absence of an official release version of the BIOS, it is still too early to talk about any final overclocking results. In addition, it causes certain problems and checks the stability of the system. If temperature control is somehow still possible through the sensors that the motherboard has, creating extreme processor load is far from easy. All common stability testing tools like Linpack or Prime95 actively use AVX instructions, because it is the vector instructions that make the processor especially hot. However, when overclocking non-K processors, such instructions are executed at a slower pace and no longer generate high CPU heating. Therefore, you have to rely on stability in common resource-intensive applications such as final rendering, but stable operation in them does not give a full guarantee of stability.

Nevertheless, despite all these problems and the fact that we did not particularly try to squeeze all the juices out of the available CPU samples, the overclocking results turned out to be very encouraging.

Core i7-6700 with an increase in the BCLK frequency to 136 MHz and an increase in the supply voltage to 1.36 V was able to work at a frequency above 4.6 GHz.

Core i5-6600 with a similar increase in supply voltage conquered the frequency of 4.5 GHz. At the same time, the BCLK frequency was the same 136 MHz.

The Core i5-6500 processor showed a slightly worse overclocking potential. At a voltage of 1.36 V, it worked stably only at a frequency of 4.4 GHz. The BCLK frequency was 138 MHz.

It would seem that the above results indicate the occurrence of problems with increasing the base frequency above 136-137 MHz, but the Core i5-6400 denied this. This processor was able to work stably when overclocked to 4.5 GHz, which, given its low multiplier, required an increase in the BCLK frequency to 167 MHz.

I must say that the overclocking results of non-overclocking CPUs in absolute terms turned out to be slightly worse than those of typical K-series processors. However, the difference is very small. Much more important is that overclocking processors like the Core i5-6400 is still much more profitable in relative terms. Experiments show that the frequency of low-end quad-core processors can be increased by more than 1.5 times. In other words, real effective overclocking is back!

conclusions

Initially, testing the junior quad-core processors of the Skylake generation promised to be completely passable material. Just think, what could be interesting in processors that are inferior to the Core i7-6700K and Core i5-6600K in clock frequency and, moreover, do not support overclocking? However, it turned out that there are many interesting things in them.

First of all, it should be said about performance. The younger Skylake generation Core i5 processors, the Core i5-6400 and Core i5-6500, received slightly lower clock speeds compared to Haswell's quad-core predecessors. However, despite this, they still give better performance, which is provided by their more perfect microarchitecture. According to the test data, if we compare Skylake and Haswell of the same price, LGA 1151-new items offer about 6-8 percent speed advantage. As for the Core i5-6600, it can swing even higher - in terms of performance, it is almost equivalent to the Core i5-6600K, which is $ 19 more expensive.

The oldest of the neo-overclocker quad-core processors reviewed today, Core i7-6700, fits into the overall picture a little differently. It is about 7 percent slower than Skylake's flagship Core i7-6700K. However, this is actually still a good result: support for Hyper-Threading technology makes the Core i7-6700 a higher-end offering compared to any Core i5, including the Core i5-6600K. At the same time, the price of the Core i7-6700 is lower than that of the Core i7-6700K, quite significantly - by $ 38.

In addition to good performance, non-overclocker quad-core processors can boast of their remarkable economy. Their TDP is set at 65W for a reason. Previously, processors with such heat dissipation were even considered to belong to a special S-class, but now better than usual energy efficiency can be obtained in ordinary models for the LGA 1151 platform. with the best performance to date in terms of every watt of electricity consumed.

Best of all, the Core i7-6700, Core i5-6600, Core i5-6500, and Core i5-6400 processors can even be overclocked! Of course, this procedure is not as simple for them as for overclocking K-series processors: special boards are required, some functions need to be sacrificed, and the overclocking result is slightly lower. But nevertheless, for many enthusiastic users, the capabilities available in the low-end quad-core CPUs may be quite enough, especially since overclocking with obstacles is even more interesting. Therefore, low-end quad-core processors can allow significant savings even when building configurations aimed at overclocking.

In conclusion, it remains only to add that Intel has no problems with mass deliveries of non-overclocking Skylake generation processors with four cores. They are widely available for sale, and their prices are not overpriced by sellers, as is often the case with the Core i7-6700K and Core i5-6600K. In other words, if you are going to switch to Skylake and want to build yourself a productive system with a quad-core CPU, you should definitely not write off options like the Core i7-6700, Core i5-6600, Core i5-6500 and Core i5-6400.


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Characteristics

Warnings
WARNING	Will not work on 1151 boards designed for 8 Series CPUs (Coffee Lake).
Main characteristics
Manufacturer	INTEL
Series	6th Gen Core i5
Model	Core i5-6400 Processor find a similar processor
Processor package	OEM
Appointment	Desktop pc
Description (continued)	Desktop processor
CPU bus frequency	8 GT / s (DMI3)
Type of equipment	Desktop processor
Description	Enhanced Halt State (C1E), Enhanced Intel Speedstep Technology, EVP (Enhanced Virus Protection / Execute Disable Bit), Intel Virtualization Technology (VT-x), Intel Virtualization Technology for Directed I / O (VT-d), NX / XD / Execute disable bit, Hardware AES Encryption Acceleration, Instruction Set: FMA3, 3-operand Fused Multiply-Add, Instruction Sets: SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4.2, AVX Extensions, AVX 2.0 Extensions
Power dissipation	65 watts
OS support	Windows 10 (64 bit only), Windows 8.1 (64 bit only), Windows 7
CPU
Processor frequency	2.7 GHz or up to 3.3 GHz with Turbo Boost
Processor socket	Socket LGA1151 compatible motherboards
Nucleus	Skylake-S cPU core characteristics
Max. number of processors on the motherboard	1
L1 cache	64 Kb x4
L2 cache	256 KB x4
L3 cache	6 Mb
64 bit support	Yes
Number of Cores	4
Number of threads	4
Multiplication	27
Video
Video processor core	Intel HD Graphics 530
Video processor frequency	350 MHz or up to 0.95 GHz maximum
# Of PCI-Express Lines	16
Maximum screen resolution	4096 x 2304 @ 24 Hz with HDMI monitor, 4096 x 2304 @ 60 Hz with DisplayPort monitor
Max. number of connected monitors	3
Videocard configuration
Number of shader processors	24
Memory support
Supported memory type	DDR4, LV DDR3, dual channel controller compatible memory
Officially Supported Memory Standards	PC4-17000 (DDR4 2133 MHz), PC4-15000 (DDR4 1866 MHz), PC3-12800 (DDR3 1600 MHz), PC3-10600 (DDR3 1333 MHz)
Max RAM	64 GB
ECC support	No
Configuration
Technical process	14 nm
Logistics
Package dimensions (measured in NIKS)	3.75 x 3.75 x 0.5 cm
Gross weight (measured in NIKS)	0.03 kg
Rangefinder package dimensions (measured in NIKS)	3.75 x 3.75 x 0.5 cm
Gross weight by weight (measured in NIKS)	0.03 kg

The characteristics, delivery set and appearance of this product may differ from those indicated or may be changed by the manufacturer without being reflected in the NIKS - Computer Supermarket catalog.
The information on the prices of goods and equipment indicated on the site does not constitute an offer in the sense determined by the provisions of Art. 435 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

Options, Consumables and Accessories for INTEL Core i5-6400 Processor OEM

Reviews

We tried to make the description as good as possible, so that your choice was error-free and deliberate. we may not have exploited this product, but only touched it from all sides, and after you buy it, try it in operation, your review can make this world a better place, if your review is really useful, then we will publish it and give it you have the opportunity to make your next purchase from us on the 2nd column.

— Processor for win7.

5 Gaidaychuk Alexey Sergeevich 16-08-2019

INTEL Core i5 6th Generation Core i5-6500 Processor
Advantages:
Perhaps the main plus, if you forget that this is Intel, is compatibility with win 7.
Disadvantages:
Well, as always, the price of intel ...

an excellent universal solution for any needs and tasks

5 Kasatkin Evgeniy Borisovich 30-11-2018

INTEL Core i5 6th Generation Core i5-6600 Processor - Great pebble!

5 Sergei 15-09-2017

Device Owner Review: INTEL Core i5 6th Generation Core i5-6600 Processor
Advantages:
Fast, cold, great!
Disadvantages:
The stock cooler is still rather weak. Even the MX-4 paste does not help, the temperature rises under load. So I advise you to take a separate pebble and a separate cooling system.

INTEL Core i5 6th Generation Core i5-6400 Processor - Happy with the processor

5 Karnyukhin A.S. 19-06-2017

Device Owner Review: INTEL Core i5 6th Generation Core i5-6400 Processor
Advantages:
A good processor for a reasonable price. Plus, here the price was lower at the time of purchase than in other stores
Disadvantages:
We can only attribute the fact that this is already the previous generation, but it is still coping. Hopefully the socket won't change in the next iteration

INTEL Core i5 6th Generation Core i5-6500 Processor - Fast delivery, great product

5 Mironov Dmitry 18-04-2017

Device Owner Review: INTEL Core i5 6th Generation Core i5-6500 Processor
Advantages:
Excellent performance in Adobe Premiere Pro and Adobe After Effects with a bunch of mother ASUS-H170, video old man GTX550TI, actually for this and took. All the way cold, fast rendering of 3D compositions, fast converting, in a word, to work with video is simply LYUSYA.
Disadvantages:
I haven't found any drawbacks yet, but, as always, complaints about our mail, with 100% prepayment and sending EMC class 1, you have to go to receive it yourself.

INTEL Core i5 6th Generation Core i5-6500 Processor - Excellent

5 Paul 07-03-2017

Device Owner Review: INTEL Core i5 6th Generation Core i5-6500 Processor
Advantages:
1) Virtually no heating, temperature from 30 at normal use up to 37 in games; 2) Very smart.
Disadvantages:
not found

Performance comparison and test results

To help you make an informed choice, the processor was tested at NICS Computer Supermarket on 12/18/2017. Test results are clearly displayed in a diagram and two tables.

Product release date.

Lithography

Lithography indicates the semiconductor technology used to manufacture the integrated chipsets and the report is shown in nanometer (nm), which indicates the size of the features built into the semiconductor.

Number of Cores

Core count is a hardware term that describes the number of independent central processing units in a single computing component (die).

Number of threads

A thread or thread of execution is a software term for a basic ordered sequence of instructions that can be transmitted or processed by a single CPU core.

CPU base clock speed

Processor base frequency is the open / close speed of the processor transistors. The processor base frequency is the operating point where the TDP is set. Frequency is measured in gigahertz (GHz) or billions of computational cycles per second.

Maximum clock speed with Turbo Boost technology

Turbo Maximum Clock Speed \u200b\u200bis the maximum clock speed of a single core processor that can be achieved with the Intel® Turbo Boost and Intel® Thermal Velocity Boost technologies supported. Frequency is measured in gigahertz (GHz) or billions of computational cycles per second.

Cache memory

The processor cache is an area of \u200b\u200bhigh-speed memory located within the processor. Intel® Smart Cache refers to the architecture that allows all cores to dynamically share last-level cache access.

System bus frequency

A bus is a subsystem that transfers data between components of a computer or between computers. An example is the system bus (FSB), through which data is exchanged between the processor and the memory controller unit; DMI, which is a point-to-point connection between the Intel Integrated Memory Controller and the Intel I / O Controller Hub on the motherboard; and a Quick Path Interconnect (QPI) interface between the processor and the integrated memory controller.

Design power

Thermal Design Power (TDP) refers to the average performance in watts when the processor is dissipating power (at base clock with all cores active) under a complex load as defined by Intel. Check out the requirements for thermoregulation systems in the datasheet.

Available options for embedded systems

Embedded Options Available indicates products that provide extended purchase options for smart systems and embedded solutions. Product specifications and conditions of use are presented in the Production Release Qualification (PRQ) report. Please contact your Intel representative for details.

Max. memory size (depends on memory type)

Max. memory size refers to the maximum amount of memory supported by the processor.

Memory types

Intel® processors support four different types of memory: single channel, dual channel, triple channel, and Flex.

Max. number of memory channels

Application bandwidth depends on the number of memory channels.

Max. memory bandwidth

Max. memory bandwidth refers to the maximum speed at which data can be read from memory or stored in memory by the processor (in GB / s).

ECC memory support ‡

ECC memory support indicates the processor is supporting ECC memory. ECC memory is a type of memory that supports the identification and repair of common types of internal memory corruption. Note that ECC memory support requires both processor and chipset support.

Processor Graphics ‡

The graphic system of the processor is a graphic data processing circuit integrated into the processor, which forms the operation of the functions of the video system, computing processes, multimedia and information display. Intel® HD Graphics, Iris ™ Graphics, Iris Plus Graphics and Iris Pro Graphics provide advanced media conversion, high frame rates and 4K Ultra HD (UHD) video display capability. For more information see the Intel® Graphics Technology page.

Graphics Base Frequency

Graphics Base Frequency is the rated / guaranteed graphics rendering clock (MHz).

Max. dynamic graphics frequency

Max. Graphics Dynamic Frequency is the maximum conditional rendering frequency (MHz) supported by Intel® HD Graphics with Dynamic Frequency.

Max. graphics video memory

The maximum amount of memory available for the processor graphics system. The graphics system of the processor uses the same memory as the processor itself (subject to limitations for OS, driver, etc.).

Graphics Output

Graphics output defines the interfaces available to interact with device mappings.

4K support

4K support determines the product's ability to reproduce data at a resolution of at least 3840 x 2160.

Max. Resolution (HDMI 1.4) ‡

Maximum Resolution (HDMI) —The maximum resolution supported by the processor over HDMI (24 bits per pixel @ 60 Hz). The system resolution or screen resolution depends on several system design factors, namely, the actual system resolution may be lower.

Max. Resolution (DP) ‡

Maximum Resolution (DP) —The maximum resolution supported by the processor via the DP interface (24 bits per pixel @ 60 Hz). The system resolution or screen resolution depends on several system design factors, namely, the actual system resolution may be lower.

Max. Resolution (eDP - Integrated Flat Panel)

Maximum Resolution (Integrated Flat Panel) —The maximum resolution supported by the processor for an embedded flat panel (24 bits per pixel @ 60 Hz). System resolution or screen resolution depends on several system design factors; actual resolution on device may be lower.

Max. Resolution (VGA) ‡

Maximum Resolution (VGA) —The maximum resolution supported by the processor through the VGA interface (24 bits per pixel @ 60 Hz). The system resolution or screen resolution depends on several system design factors, namely, the actual system resolution may be lower.

DirectX * support

DirectX indicates support for a specific version of the Microsoft collection of application programming interfaces (APIs) for handling multimedia computing tasks.

OpenGL * support

OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a multi-platform language or cross-platform application software interface to display two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) vector graphics.

Intel® Quick Sync Video

Intel® Quick Sync Video Technology delivers fast video conversion for portable media players, web hosting, and video editing and creation.

InTru ™ 3D technology

Intel® InTRU ™ 3D technology plays back 3D stereoscopic Blu-ray * video at 1080p resolution using HDMI * 1.4 and high quality audio.

Intel® Clear Video HD Technology

Intel® Clear Video HD Technology, like its predecessor Intel® Clear Video Technology, is a collection of video encoding and processing technologies built into the processor's integrated graphics. These technologies make video playback more stable and graphics clearer, brighter and more realistic. Intel® Clear Video HD Technology delivers brighter colors and more lifelike skin through video enhancements.

Intel® Clear Video Technology

Intel® Clear Video Technology is a collection of video encoding and processing technologies built into the integrated graphics processor. These technologies make video playback more stable and graphics clearer, more vibrant and lifelike.

PCI Express Revision

PCI Express revision is the version supported by the processor. PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) is a high-speed serial expansion bus standard for computers to connect hardware devices to. Different PCI Express versions support different data transfer rates.

PCI Express Configurations ‡

PCI Express (PCIe) Configurations describe available configurations PCIe lanes that can be used to bind PCH PCIe lanes to PCIe devices.

Max. number of PCI Express lanes

A PCI Express (PCIe) channel consists of two pairs of signaling channels, one for receiving and the other for transmitting data, and this channel is the basic module of the PCIe bus. PCI Express Lanes is the total number of lanes supported by the processor.

Supported connectors

A connector is a component that provides mechanical and electrical connections between the processor and the motherboard.

Cooling system specifications

Intel thermal reference specifications for the proper operation of this heading.

T CASE

The critical temperature is the maximum temperature allowed in the integrated heat spreader (IHS) of the processor.

Intel® Optane ™ Memory Support ‡

Intel® Optane ™ memory is a revolutionary new class of non-volatile memory that works between system memory and storage devices to improve system performance and responsiveness. Combined with the Intel® Rapid Storage Technology driver, it efficiently manages multiple storage tiers, providing a single virtual disk for the operating system, thus storing the most frequently accessed information on the fastest storage tier. Intel® Optane ™ memory requires special hardware and software configurations. For configuration requirements, visit www.intel.com/OptaneMemory.

Intel® Turbo Boost Technology ‡

Intel® Turbo Boost Technology dynamically increases the processor frequency to the required level by taking advantage of the difference between the nominal and maximum values \u200b\u200bof the temperature and power consumption parameters, which allows you to increase energy efficiency or "overclock" the processor when needed.

Intel® vPro ™ Platform Compliant ‡

Intel® vPro ™ technology is a processor-based management and security suite that addresses four main areas of information security: 1) Threat management, including protection against rootkits, viruses and other malware 2) Identity protection and pinpoint web site access protection 3) Protection of confidential personal and business information 4) Remote and local monitoring, patching, repair of PCs and workstations.

Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology ‡

Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology (Intel® HT Technology) provides two processing threads for each physical core. Multi-threaded applications can perform more tasks in parallel, which greatly speeds up work.

Intel® Virtualization Technology (VT-x) ‡

Intel® Virtualization Technology for Directed I / O (VT-x) allows a single hardware platform to function as multiple “virtual” platforms. The technology improves management capabilities by reducing downtime and maintaining productivity by allocating separate partitions for compute operations.

Intel® Virtualization Technology for Directed I / O (VT-d) ‡

Intel® Virtualization Technology for Directed I / O augments virtualization support in IA-32 (VT-x) and Itanium® (VT-i) processors with I / O virtualization. Intel® Virtualization Technology for Directed I / O helps users increase system security and reliability and improve I / O performance in virtual environments.

Intel® VT-x with Extended Page Tables (EPT) ‡

Intel® VT-x with Extended Page Tables, also known as Second Level Address Translation (SLAT) technology, accelerates memory-intensive virtualized applications. Extended Page Tables on Intel® Virtualization Technology-enabled platforms reduce memory and power overhead and increase battery life by hardware optimized page table management.

Intel® TSX-NI

Intel® Transactional Synchronization Extensions New Instructions (Intel® TSX-NI) are a set of instructions designed to scale performance in multi-threaded environments. This technology helps to more efficiently perform concurrent operations through improved control over software locking.

Intel® 64 architecture ‡

Intel® 64 architecture combined with the appropriate software Supports 64-bit applications running on servers, workstations, desktops, and laptops. обеспечивает Intel® 64 architecture provides performance enhancements that allow computing systems to use more than 4 GB of virtual and physical memory.

Command set

An instruction set contains basic commands and instructions that the microprocessor understands and can execute. The value shown indicates which Intel instruction set the processor is compatible with.

Instruction set extensions

Instruction set extensions are additional instructions that you can use to improve performance when performing operations on multiple data objects. These include SSE (Support for SIMD Extensions) and AVX (Vector Extensions).

Idle states

Idle state (or C-state) mode is used to conserve power when the processor is idle. C0 means an operational state, that is, the CPU is currently doing useful work. C1 is the first idle state, C2 is the second idle state, and so on. The higher the numerical indicator of the C-state, the more energy-saving actions the program performs.

Enhanced Intel SpeedStep® Technology

Enhanced Intel SpeedStep® Technology helps ensure high performance while meeting the power-saving requirements of mobile systems. Standard Intel SpeedStep® Technology enables voltage and frequency switching based on processor load. Enhanced Intel SpeedStep® Technology is built on the same architecture and uses design strategies such as decoupling voltage and frequency changes, and clock distribution and recovery.

Thermal control technologies

Thermal management technologies protect the processor case and system from overheating failure with multiple thermal management features. The Digital Thermal Sensor (DTS) detects the core temperature, and thermal management functions reduce the power consumption of the processor chassis as needed, thereby lowering temperatures to ensure operation within normal operating specifications.

Intel® Privacy Shield Technology ‡

Intel® Privacy Shield Technology is built-in token-based security technology. This technology provides simple, reliable controls for online access to business and business data, while protecting against security threats and fraud. Intel® Privacy Shield Technology uses hardware-based PC authentication mechanisms to authenticate your PC to websites, banking systems, and network services to ensure your PC is unique, protects against unauthorized access, and prevents malware attacks. Intel® Privacy Shield Technology can be used as a key component of two-factor authentication solutions for securing website information and controlling access to business applications.

Intel® Stable Image Platform Program (Intel® SIPP)

Intel® Stable Image Platform Program (Intel® SIPP) can help your company find and implement standardized, stable PC platforms for at least 15 months.

Intel® AES New Instructions

Intel® AES New Instructions (Intel® AES New Instructions) are a set of commands that enable you to quickly and securely encrypt and decrypt data. AES-NI commands can be used to solve a wide range of cryptographic tasks, for example, in applications providing bulk encryption, decryption, authentication, random number generation, and authenticated encryption.

Secure Key

Intel® Secure Key Technology is a random number generator that generates unique combinations to strengthen encryption algorithms.

Intel® Software Guard Extensions (Intel® SGX)

Intel® Software Guard Extensions (Intel® SGX) provide trusted and hardened hardware protection for critical applications and data processing. Such execution is performed with protection from unauthorized access or interference of any other software (including privileged applications) on the system.

Intel® Memory Protection Extensions (Intel® MPX) Commands

Intel® MPX (Intel® Memory Protection Extensions) are a set of hardware features that can be used by software in conjunction with compiler changes to check the safety of generated memory references at compile time due to possible buffer overflows or underloads.

Intel® Trusted Execution Technology ‡

Intel® Trusted Execution Technology enhances secure command execution by hardware expansion of Intel® processors and chipsets. This technology provides security features such as measurable application launch and secure command execution for digital office platforms. It does this by creating an environment where applications run in isolation from other applications in the system.

Function Cancel Execute Bit ‡

The execute cancel bit is a hardware security feature that can help reduce vulnerability to viruses and malicious code and prevent malware from executing and spreading to a server or network.

Intel® Boot Guard

Intel® Device Protection Technology with Boot Guard is used to protect systems from viruses and malware before loading operating systems.

Test stand:

• Processor: Core i5-6400, Core i3-6300T
• CPU cooler: Corsair H110i GT
• Motherboard: ASUS Z170 PRO Gaming
• Video card:AMD Radeon R9 Nano , 4 GB HBM
• RAM: DDR4-2133 (15-15-15-36), 2x 8 GB
• Storage: OCZ Vertex 3, 360 GB
• PSU: Corsair HX850i 850W
• Periphery:Samsung U28D590D , ROCCAT ARVO, ROCCAT SAVU
• Operating system: Windows 10 x64

Several proposals for competition. Disputes about the choice of the Intel platform for assembling a gaming system unit from scratch do not subside. Our column "Computer of the Month" will serve as the proof. With a budget of 50-60 thousand rubles, it is possible to build a gaming computer with a Core i5. But which platform should you choose? On the one hand, there is a Core i5-6400 running LGA1151. On the other hand, there are plenty of LGA1150 Core i5-4460 on sale. There are several arguments: the processors cost the same, the Haswell chip operates at a higher clock frequency, the transition to Skylake will cost more. Therefore, one of the main motives for this test was the comparison of the Core i5-6400 with the Core i5-4460 in all planes.

The Core i3-6300T chip is opposed to the Core i3-4130. This is a rather old Haswell processor, released back in the third quarter of 2013, but is comparable to the energy efficient T-model in frequency.

Let's start with the RAM test. In the stand for Haswell processors, we used a dual-channel DDR3-1600 kit with timings of 9-9-9-28. It is this kind of RAM controller that is integrated into all fourth-generation Core processors. Not surprisingly, in the AIDA64 test, Skylake chips were noticeably faster than Haswell, because their integrated DDR4 controller supports RAM with an effective frequency of 2133 MHz. However, in real applications, as our experiment showed, there is practically no difference between DDR3-1600 and DDR4-2133. The current generation of RAM is ruined by very high latencies.