Download a presentation on the biology of viruses. Presentation "Computer viruses. Antiviruses". III. Generalizing questions

Slide 6

The structure of viruses

The virus consists of:

• Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
• Capsid - a protective protein coat that surrounds the genetic material of the virus
• Additional envelope (influenza viruses, HIV)

Slide 7

STRUCTURE OF THE VIRUS

Slide 8

The structure of the bacteriophage virus.

Slide 9

Capsid types.

There are three main types of symmetry:

1. Icosahedral
2. Spiral
3. Complicated

The shape of the capsids in DNA and RNA viruses is different: in RNA viruses only cubic and spiral, while in DNA viruses it is cubic, spiral, complex and double.

Slide 10

• Bacteriophage
• Adenoviruses (smallpox, herpes)
• Enteroviruses (influenza, rabies, TMV)
• Retroviruses (HIV)

Slide 11

• Consist of nucleic acid and capsid.
• They consist of a nucleic acid, a capsid, an additional shell, a lipoprotein membrane, and include enzymes.

Slide 12

Virus reproduction stages

Slide 13

Slide 14

Diseases caused by viruses

Influenza, measles, rubella, smallpox, rabies, hepatitis, acute respiratory diseases, encephalitis, AIDS.

Slide 15

Viral infections

• The viruses formed inside the cell simultaneously leave the cell. The cell is destroyed and dies.
• The viruses formed inside leave the cell gradually. The cell continues to live and divide, producing new viruses, although its functioning may change.
• The genetic material of the virus is incorporated into the chromosomes of the cell and during its division is reproduced and transmitted to daughter cells.

Slide 16

Variety of viruses

• Tobacco mosaic
• Bacteriophage

Slide 17

• Influenza prostate cancer ARI
• Avian flu plague

Slide 18

Viruses that cause human disease:

• herpes swine flu HIV
• hepatitis C polio

Slide 19

• Flu virus
• Flu virus
• AIDS virus

Slide 20

Prevention measures for viral diseases:

• Compliance with a healthy lifestyle
• Measures to improve immunity
• Improving the sanitary culture of the population
• Timely identification and treatment of patients
• Wearing gauze bandages when in contact with patients
• Compliance with sanitary and hygienic rules
• Vaccination of the population

Slide 21

4 the role of viruses in the organic world

• Negative role
• They cause diseases of plants, animals and humans.
• Used as biological weapons.
• Positive role
• They regulate the number of living organisms in the biosphere.
• Are subject to nanobiotechnology

Slide 22

Literature:

• Biology textbook for 11th grade students of educational institutions. / Edited by. Prof. I.N. Ponomareva.-M .: Ventana-Graf, 2005.
• Biology textbook for grades 10-11. General educational institutions. V.B. Zakharov, S.G. Mamontova, I.N. Sonin, stereotype.-M .: Bustard, 2002.
• Textbook for educational institutions / A.A. Kamensky, E.A. Krikunov, V.V. Pasechnik. General biology 10-11 grades.-M .: Bustard, 2005.
• A. V. Kulev General biology. Grade 11: Methodological manual.-SPb .: Parity, 2001.

Slide 23

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Non-cellular life forms. Viruses. Presentation for a biology lesson, grade 10 (profile level), compiled by the teacher of biology at the MBOU Secondary School No. 2 in Pyt-Yakh, Usanina Vera Vladimirovna

Lesson plan: 1. The history of the discovery of some viruses, the emergence of virology 2. The structure and vital activity of viruses 2.1. The composition and structure of viruses. 2.2. Classification of viruses 2.3. Mechanism of interaction of viruses with a cell. 3. Bacteriophages - bacteria viruses 4. The role of viruses in nature and human life. Viral diseases. 5. Features of the functioning of the AIDS virus. Preventive measures. 6. Measures for the prevention of viral diseases. 7. Consolidation of knowledge. Working with a mini-test. 8. Lesson summary. Homework recording.

1. The history of the discovery of some viruses, the emergence of virology In 1852, the Russian botanist Ivanovsky Dmitry Iosifovich obtained an infectious extract from tobacco plants affected by mosaic disease

Beijerinck Martin Willem coined the term "virus" (from the Latin - "poison").

In 1901, the first human viral disease was discovered - yellow fever. This discovery was made by the American military surgeon W. Read and his colleagues. In 1907, the variola virus was discovered 1909 - poliomyelitis In 1911, Francis Routh proved the viral nature of cancer - Rous sarcoma.

Viruses are non-cellular life forms. Viruses are very small in size, about 50 times smaller than bacteria. It is almost impossible to see them with a light microscope. Viruses multiply only in the cells of plants, animals and humans, causing various diseases. Viruses have a very simple structure and consist of a nucleic acid and a protein coat and resemble a particle rather than a cell. Outside the host cells, the viral particle does not show any signs of life: it does not eat, does not breathe, does not grow, does not multiply.

2.1 Composition and structure of viruses. Virus structure by the example of HIV (1) RNA genome of the virus, (2) nucleocapsid, (3) capsid, (4) protein matrix (5) lipid membrane (6-7) glycoprotein -receptors (8-11) - proteins

2.2 Classification of viruses: deoxyviruses riboviruses DNA double-stranded DNA single-stranded RNA double-stranded RNA single-stranded Without outer membranes: Adenoviruses Without outer membranes: Rat virus - Without outer membranes: Viruses of wound tumors, plants Without outer membranes: Poliomyelitis, Rhinovachiruses, Enteroviruses, Enteroviruses outer membranes: Herpes viruses Smallpox viruses With outer membranes: Measles, mumps, flu, rabies viruses, Oncogenic RNA-containing

2.3 Mechanism of interaction of viruses with a cell. 1. Infection is a way of penetration of the virus into the cell, by the method of receptor endocytosis. Steps: 1) attachment of the virus to cellular receptors; 2) the formation of vacuoles / endocyosis /. 3) release of the virus from the vacuole into the cytoplasm by fusion of the viral and cell membranes 2. Reproduction of the virus / only in the host cell /: 1) Replication of viral nucleic acid (doubling) 2) Synthesis of viral proteins (cellular material of the host cell) 3) Assembly of virions. Upon completion of assembly, virions exit the cell.

3. Bacteriophages Viruses that infect bacteria are called bacteriophages. All phages have a multifaceted prismatic head and tail. Head diameter 60-95 nm, tail length 250 nm. Bacteriophages completely destroy bacterial cells and therefore can be used to treat bacterial diseases, such as dysentery, typhoid, cholera.

4. The role of viruses in the organic world Negative role They cause diseases of plants, animals and humans. Used as biological weapons. Positive role Regulate the number of living organisms in the biosphere. They are the object of nanobiotechnology.

4 Viruses Causing Human Disease: Herpes Swine Flu HIV Hepatitis C Poliomyelitis

Influenza prostate cancer ARI Avian flu plague

Many people confuse two completely different concepts - HIV-infected and AIDS patient. The difference is that a person infected with the immunodeficiency virus can remain an efficient, relatively healthy person for many years. Such a person poses no danger to others. Human Immunodeficiency Virus The deadly AIDS virus A three-dimensional image of the AIDS virus 5. AIDS. HIV

6. Measures for the prevention of viral diseases: Compliance with a healthy lifestyle Measures to increase immunity Improving the sanitary culture of the population Timely identification and treatment of patients Wearing gauze bandages in contact with patients Compliance with sanitary and hygienic rules Vaccination of the population

Let's check the knowledge gained 1. Viruses are: A) a prokaryotic cell B) a eukaryotic cell C) a non-cellular form of life D) everything is correct 2. Viruses consist of A) proteins and nucleic acid B) cellulose and proteins C) DNA and RNA D) nuclei and cytoplasm 3. The protein envelope, in which the virus genome is enclosed, is called A. virion B. capsule C. viroid D. capsid

4.Hereditary information is contained in the DNA of viruses that cause the following diseases: A) AIDS B) mumps C) herpes D) measles 5. Cause diseases A) tuberculosis 1) viruses B) AIDS 2) bacteria C) influenza D) salmonellosis E) measles E) typhoid fever A B C D E F

Check the answers Check the answers 1 - C 2 - A 3 - D 4 - C 5 - 2 1 1 2 1 If there are no errors - 5, If one or two errors - 4, If more than two errors - 3.

On the subject: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Physical education lesson presentation

, Competition "Presentation for the lesson"

Class: 9

Lesson presentation

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Objectives:

• To form ideas and knowledge about viruses, their nature, negative impact on living organisms.

Tasks:

• To acquaint students with viruses - the only form of life on Earth, their structure, behavioral features inside the cells of living organisms.
• Compare the properties of viruses and all living organisms; identify patterns of virus multiplication.
• Remind about human immunity, the phenomenon of phagocytosis, about vaccinations.
• To acquaint with the science of virology, the founder of virology - the Russian scientist - D.O. Ivanovsky.
• Educational - visual aids: tables Viruses, Presentation Viruses.

Terms:Viruses, virology, filter viruses, bacteriophages, pandemic.

During the classes

I. Introductory speech of the teacher.

There are visible and invisible worlds around us. We know a lot about the visible world, but the invisible world is full of mysteries and secrets, and not always good ones. Slide number 2, 3.

II. Learning a new topic.

I suggest watching slides 4, 5, 6. At first glance, the fields are good, but if you look closely, the leaves of the plants are stained. This disease is a tobacco mosaic. And the causative agent of the disease is viruses. Slides number 7.8.

Filtering viruses. Slide number 9. Message from the student.

Viruses are the only non-cellular life on Earth. Translated from Latin - poison. We will learn how viruses work by looking at slides 10, 11, 12. And now we will sketch and sign the components.

I invite students to remember the properties of all living organisms and fix the strips-properties on the board (Appendix No. 1). In order to determine the properties of viruses, consider slide No. 13. They are characterized by only three properties of living organisms: 1) reproduction, 2) heredity, 3) variability.

Virus Science - Virology. The founder of science is a Russian scientist - D.O. Ivanovsky. Slides number 14, 15. Student message.

Scientists are still arguing about who or what viruses are: a substance or a living being. Today, many scientists believe that viruses are the bridge between the living and inanimate worlds and are the main participants in evolution. Slide number 16.

Living in the cells of living organisms, viruses cause many diseases: influenza, smallpox, measles, poliomyelitis. Slides number 17, 18, 19.

Test - task(Appendix No. 2). Pupils exchange notebooks, check assignments with the whole class, assign grades.

Measures to combat viruses - Slide number 19, 20. Messages from students about scientists: II. Mechnikov, Louis Pasteur, Jenner. Slide number 21.

The behavior of viruses when they enter the cells of plants, animals and humans is ambiguous: 1) destroy the host cell; 2) freeze, not showing themselves in any way; 3) they change the genetic material of the host cell's DNA to their own - there is an assembly of fragments of DNA or RNA strands and protein bodies (capsids).

Use of weakened or dead viruses for vaccination. Slide number 22

III. Generalizing questions:

1. Are viruses a substance or a being?
2. Do viruses have a cellular structure?
3. Features of the structure of viruses?
4. What is a capsid?
5. How many nucleic acids are there in viruses?
6. Properties of viruses?
7. Do they show metabolism and energy?
8. Can viruses grow?
9. How viruses multiply?
10. What is the name of the science of viruses?

IV. Findings.

Viruses are the only non-cellular form of life on Earth that does not manifest itself outside the cell, but is an intermediate link between animate and inanimate nature.

V. Results.

Ratings:for messages, for a test task, answers to questions. Well done.

An excellent mark and special thanks for the help in the presentation design to the student of the 10th grade Deryabin Sergey.