Rescue signs of Obzh. International aviation alarm. Terrestrial code signals

Feeding assistance signals, invented another way to supply disaster signals - the international code table of disaster signals.

The code table includes generally accepted signals that are laid out on open, well-visible places on the slopes of hills, glades. In different sources, the recommended dimensions of the signals indicate different, depending on the tastes and departmental addiction of the authors.

Therefore, it is better to stay at the International Standard: 10 meters long, 3 meters wide and 3 meters between signs. But in any case, no less than 2.5 meters. Otherwise, the sign will be difficult to disassemble from a high height. There are no restrictions in a large side - the more significant signal, the higher the probability that it will notice. For example, I was my own eyes in one of the travels was able to observe a sign with sizes, much more than a hundred meters. True, it was not a sign of disaster, but rather a symbol of human nonsense. Someone was not lazy, I risen the slope of the hill rising over the surrounding area in order to perpetuate one very short, but the Casual Russian word, which I can not quantify the censorship considerations here.

Local pilots were not without pride claimed that this titanic structure of lovers of Russian literature was used to guide the aircraft to the native airport and easily read even from space. So the content of the content, and an example of the fact that the more - the better, very visual. What can be done from? Almost everything. From unfolded on earth, sleeping bags, cutting tents, spare clothes, salary, pieces of fabric, fixed with the help of ribbed pegs or stones superimposed on top. Of the wreckage of vehicle, stones, fabrics and branches of trees. On the seashore - from pebbles or thrown out seaweed.

You can not lay out the signal, and for example, digging, for what to remove with a shovel or knife to dend and deepen the resulting trench. At the same time, the turne itself needs to be carefully put along the trench on the grass inner, the dark side upwards that twice the width. In the snow, the signal is drawn with ash from the boiled fire or is pulpped with shoe heels. The bottom of the dilated trenches is preferably lined with sweetheart, branches, etc. Dark material. Only, pulling the trenches on the snow, do not be lit up next to them, so that instead of a clearly readable signal sign, not to get a senseless pattern of dozens of dozens in different directions of tracks and paths. It follows only on the one hand to the construction site and only one, in advance designated path.

In all cases it is necessary to strive to ensure the maximum contrast of the color signal and the background, on which it is decomposed. In other words, on light soil, signs should be darker, on dark - light. In the desert, where the building material does not have to choose, the low trees from the sand are heated. Such a sign works twice a day - in the morning and in the evening when the sun stands low above the horizon.

Thick shadows, discarded by artificial sand shafts, are well readable enough. But it is even better to warm up on the stakes driven into the sand, cloth cloth or even tight paper. The fabric itself can be any color, even yellow, because there will be no panels to draw the signal, but the shadow dropped them. In the absence of fabric, a similar shadow signal can be touched on to build from linked harvesters and stretched between stakes in a meter from plants.

The code table of disaster signals includes signs that have one single well-known search plane pilot value. Invent your own signals are not worth it, and if you forgotten for any reason, how one or another sign is decrypted, you can put a well-known SOS signal on Earth. I have long doubted whether it is worth telling the reader about one emergency signaling method. On the one hand, it is simple, it is simple and therefore accessible to any person, does not require any additional technical devices, effective - solid weighty pluses.

On the other hand, it makes an objective damage to the surrounding nature - at current times the minus is very serious. Well, how are people, carried away, will begin to apply it, where necessary and where it is not necessary? But then he thought that he was better than the "signal". In addition, this method is quite laborious so that the person takes over him only boredoms or pranks. The essence of this method of signaling is that the victims of them are trying to change the natural view of the surrounding area by everyone. The geometric shapes of the large size are burned on the Earth, artificial appeals are cut down in a dense.

Of course, it is more convenient not to pump large trees, such a work is too time-consuming, but, for example, to cut a low shrub on the edges of the forest or shores of the reservoir. Sign size (circle, triangle, etc.) must be 20 meters or more, bandwidth - 3 - 4 meters. Near such a sign is almost not visible, but from a height of several hundred meters, he immediately strides. In general, it should be noted that in an emergency it is impossible to be limited to installing one or two signals. The alarm must be diverse and, if you can put it, multistage, only then it is effective. For example, having caught a glare on the glass of the film from the signal, the pilot more carefully examines the terrain, remarks the geometric shape carved in the shrub.

Having dropped, disassemble the signs of the code table and the smoke of the signal campfire and finally will consider the people themselves. By the way, the latter must take care that they are clearly visible. Wear a bright, better orange, and in the steppe white clothes, get out of the shade of trees on a sunny, open place, swinging over the head of bright pieces of fabric, at night - a torch or flashlight.

International aviation alarm.

But even better, if the victims disaster will know the International Aviation Emergency Signaling Alarm, used to transfer information to the pilots of search and rescue aircraft and helicopters.

1. Please take on board.
2. Technical assistance is required.
3. It is convenient to put a landing here.
4. Everything is in order.
5. You understood, I perform.
6. I have a radio station.
7. It is dangerous to land here.
8. I can not move, medical care is needed.
9. Ready to take a pennant, a written message.
10. Yes.
11. No.

For the same purpose - messages to pilots of search aircraft of specific information - another form of alarm is used. Only not international, but our, domestic, adopted in the Air Force. Who will have the victim to communicate in the conditions of the accident - with our or not by our aviators and which of them which gesturing system is adhered to, it is impossible to say in advance, so it's better, just in case you know both.

1. "The incident happened, there are victims" - Lying on Earth a person, or a circle of fabric (painted parachute), in the middle of which the figure of a lying person.

2. "We need food, warm outfit" - a man sitting on the ground, or a triangle of a fabric.

3. "Show, in what direction to go" - A man with raised and slightly divorced hand to hand, or a thin, long triangle of fabric in the form of an arrow.

4. "You can make landing" - A man in a shallow priest with his hands stretched forward, or a square of the fabric.

5. "Land in the specified direction" - There is a standing man with an end forward with his hands in the direction of landing or landing "T" from the fabric.

6. "It is impossible to sit here." - Standing man with crossed over her head or a cross from the fabric.

Simplified disaster signals and universal SOS signal.

In addition to special, there are simplified disaster signals that rescuers of almost all agencies are in one way or another. For example, a universal SOS signal in all respects, or any other light or beep, repeated three times in a row through short periods of time. It does not matter that it will be three fire, three pillars of smoke, three loud whistles, three shots, three light flashes, etc. - if only the signal was triple.

Between the feed of each group of signals, you should withstand a minute pause. Three light or noise signals - a minute of rest - and again three signals. The international disaster signal, taken in the mountains, looks somewhat different: six whistles, light flashes or cramped with hand per minute, then a minute pause and repeat signal.

Actions when other disaster signals are detected.

If during a hike or travel you noticed a foreign disaster signal - take all measures to assist. First of all, fix the location of the signal - remove the benchmarks in the specified direction using a bearing, notice. If the victims are in a hard-to-reach place, several most experienced travelers should come to the aid. It is unacceptable to send the rescue team of the light - without a tent, warm things, nutrition. Exiting rescuers must be completely autonomous, even if you are in disrespects are a few hundred meters.

The remaining (insisting group) should immediately begin the equipment of the emergency camp. Break the tents, build asylum, diluate fires, boil the water, set signals around the camp and in the direction of the rescue group movement, organize intermediate camps. If possible, it is necessary to immediately inform about the rescue services that occurred, the authorities and further act according to their instructions. With the work of full-time rescuers, independent, not agreed with them are unacceptable. You can continue the route only with the permission of the relevant services after the end of the rescue operation.

Alarm, disaster signals and universal ethics.

The last Council concerns not so much an alarm technology, how many universal ethics. Any rescue operation distracts a large number of people from the main work, exposes their lives at increased risk, not counting the major financial costs. Therefore, before you decide to submit a distress signal, you need to think seven times. Any disaster signal should be applied only in a truly critical situation, directly threatening life or health of people.

Several tens of kilometers who have to go, erased legs or non-compliance of the campaign time, I'm not talking about such mercanthyl reasons, as fear of being late from vacation, missing aviation tickets and other - not a reason for feeding the alarm and deploying large-scale rescue operations.

With the same purpose, after a successful completion of the accident, all the alarms should be removed or, if it is impossible, to inform local authorities, rescue services, aviator, which in these areas signals (indicate which specifically) "non-working". Unfortunately, there are cases when travelers have been known for many days at home, and rescue detachments raised on the alarm continued to french the terrain in search of victims.

Based on the book "School of survival in accidents and natural disasters."
Ilyin A.

If you get into the extreme situation, all regulations unanimously read that it is impossible to leave the place in which a person turned out to be, and the need to file disaster signs. Since there are various extreme situations, the number of existing SOS signals is very large.

It should be known that if you get into a complex situation, whether it is a collapse of the building, avalanche, a hurricane, landslide, and so on, it is not recommended to independently leave the place of imprisonment or the area of \u200b\u200bfinding. If there is a chance to get help, immediately after analyzing the situation, you should begin to file disaster signs.

Special Establishment for Disaster Signals

1. Transceiver - With it, you can send signals and get them.
2. Beacon - Sends signals for an emergency frequency.
3. Radio station - can receive or transmit a signal to several km (depending on the power and relief of the area: the farther signal passes above the sea and above the plain, less in the mountains).
4. Mirror - They can be allowed glare and sunny "bunnies", which are noticeable at a very long distance.
5. Flashlight, lighter or any light source - Used to supply a distress light signal, you can feed signals to Morse.
6. Marine Marker - Special substance that, when contacting with water, stains it in a bright color.
7. Signal rocket - It is visible at a very long distance, as the height explodes, which is extremely important if people fell into the emergency room in the mountainous area.
8. Signal torch - Gives enough bright light to notice it from a long distance.
9. Whistle - Applies a beep, heard at a sufficient distance (in the closed space, the effect is enhanced).

If a person fell into an emergency situation without having these devices, then it can serve disaster signs in other ways.

Feed disaster signals without specialized

In the absence of the necessary equipment, you can always resort to submitted means. It is especially important for non-standard thinking, but there is a "backbone" of certain recommendations, therefore it is worth considering options tested by time.

Fiery disaster signals

Such signals should be submitted either in the evening at twilight or at night. To do this, it is necessary to collect a large bonfire from dry branches or pour a high tree. Such a signal from a large distance will be visible long enough to find it. The arson process can be facilitated if you find a trunk with a hollow. The main thing to remember is to choose a lonely tree, in order not to arrange a fire.

Smoke angles

The signals with the help of smoke are most effective in the morning and until the evening. I could rise very high, and therefore noticeable from a height. It is worth remembering that the desired color of smoke must be maximized from the environment. For example, a clear day knows the black smoke (tires, rubber), in the evening - white (green leaves, moss and raw lamps).

Light distress signals

Even if there is no mirror at hand, you can take advantage of any polished surface (glass, metal). Sunny "bunny" in clear weather can be seen 60 km on the usual area, and in the desert - 160 km. It is important to remember that the light can not be directed to the car's cabin or helicopter for more than 2-3 seconds, otherwise the risk arises to blind the driver \\ pilot.

Shadow distress signals

With due skill, such signs can be quite effective - they are used primarily in remote areas. The plus is self-sufficiency of the method - the construction worked on the conscience will no longer hold the time of the creator. The stronger and more noticeable, the better, the main thing is to choose the most open place.

SOS signals by aircraft

Feeding disaster signs with aircraft, you need to imagine how it will look from the air. The factors affecting the efficiency of the signal must be taken into account:

• volume and size;
• proportions (especially important when laying out letters);
• straight corners and broken lines (in nature are rarely found);
• contrast;
• stoning or soil stones (add the effect of a shadow signal);
• location (maximum visibility from all sides);
• a value (a disaster signal must be intuitively understood).

A suddenly appeared helicopter or a low-fat aircraft makes sense to serve disaster signals with hands. If the pilot understands gestures, it swings the wing, or turn on the green lights. If the pilot will not discern the meaning of the signs, then most likely, it will go to the second round.

International disaster signs on the sea

Storm, storm or emergency can put the lives of the crew of the vessel at risk if they are not provided with third-party support. To do this, it is vital to transfer an assistance signal that can attract the attention of coast services or undergoing ships. These are:

• orange smoke checker;
• open source of flame on the ship;
• raising and lowering hands elongated on the sides;
• falf Fire Firefaiter;
• flag of the NOVEMBER CHARLIE International Signals (NC);
• state flag, inverted upside down;
• square flag with ball at the bottom or at the top;
• continuous sound of equipment for feeding foggy signals;
• parachute red rocket.

Disaster gesture table

The chances of survival are increasing if you can see the disaster signals to rescuers. For example, the rescue signals must be supplied to the fluttering helicopter or low-tape aircraft. If the pilot notice and understand your signal, then it should ride the wing, or to be suitable with green lights. If the pilot did not understand your signals, but you noticed, then it may be on the second round.

Disaster signals

Disaster signals supplied by arms (gestures)

Rescue signals supplied by gestures are noticeable for low-fat airplanes and helicopters, as well as close-up vessels. For greater visibility from the air, it is better to build rescue signals on the ground of sufficient sizes. It can be signs on the sand, in the snow, bright, cut flap from the parachute, bright fabric, etc. Below are rescue signals supplied by pilots with aviation cruise.

The international table of disaster signals supplied from the Earth.

Disaster signal decoding:

1 - Need a doctor

2 - medications needed

4 - Water and food is needed

5 - need weapons and ammunition

6 - Map and Compass needed

7 - Zuju Signal Lamp and Battery

8 - indicate the direction to salvation

9 - We are moving in this direction

10 - trying to take off

11 - Airplane is damaged

12 - Here is a safe landing

13 - oil and food

14 - all right

17 - I did not understand

18 - engineer needed

19 - We found all people

20 - ship damaged

Also, for the supply of saved signals, you can use a bonfire with smoke, signal rockets, lights, alarm mirror, whistle.

Three fires, divorced in the form of a triangle are a distress signal for international standards. Alternatively, cotstra can be diluted on one line at a distance of about 25 m from each other. Prepare three bonfire, but he will raise one, and as soon as you need, come out the other two. This will allow you to prevent the burning of one bonfire, and not at once. After all, it is possible to wait quite a long time.

Light signals are fed with frequent 6 flashes per minute, that is, once every 10 seconds, then a minute of waiting, and further than 6 signals.

Sound signals are fed similarly to light - 6 signals per minute.

If you have a radio transmitter at your disposal or order, then you have the ability to transmit a disaster signal. The message is fed in the following sequence:

International disaster signal - "Maidi, Maidi"

Call sign, if there is

Location

Number of people in the group

Planting coordinates

Request for medical care if necessary

As a variant, you can transmit signals about the help of the ABC Morse. The range of such signals is an order of magnitude higher. In a separate article, we will consider the rules of the radio exchange and feeding the disaster signals on the radio.

When conducting PSR, rescuers often have to perform tasks away from settlements, spend several days in "field conditions", face a variety of extreme situations, which makes additional requirements for their ability to work under these conditions. Strong knowledge in various fields, the ability to use them in any conditions are the basis of survival.

Going to PSR , rescuers should, along with labor tools and protection products, have the following set of necessary objectswhich can come in handy in any climatic geographic zone:
- alarm mirror with which you can apply a distress signal up to 30-40 km;
- Hunting matches, candle or dry fuel tablets for campfire or refuge heating;
- whistle for signaling;
- a large knife (machete) in the sheath, which can be used as a knife, ax, shovel, rude;
- Compass, slice of dense foil and polyethylene, fishing facilities, signaling cartridges, emergency set of medicines, stock of water and products.

Signaling. Rescuers should know and be able to apply special signals in practice. To designate your own location, rescuers can use smoke Kostroma Happy and bright light at night. If you throw rubber, slices of insulation, oil rags, then black smoke will be highlighted, which is clearly visible in cloudy weather. To obtain a white smoke, which is clearly visible in clear weather, green leaves should throw in the fire, fresh grass, raw moss.

For signal delivery From the ground with the air transport field (aircraft) you can apply special signal mirror. It is necessary to keep it at a distance of 25-30 cm on behalf of the face and watch through a carrier hole by a plane; Turning the mirror, combine the light spot with the sighting hole. In the absence of a signal mirror, it is possible to use objects with glittering surfaces. To sight you need to do in the center of the subject hole. The light beam must be sent along the entire horizon line even in cases where the noise of the aircraft motor is not heard.

At night for Alarm can be used by the light of a manual electric flashlight, a torch, a bonfire. The bonfire, divorced on a raft, is one of the distress signals.
Good alarm means are bright items and a special coloring powder (fluorescin, tuning), which are scattered on snow, ground, water, on ice when the aircraft is approached (helicopter). In some cases, sound signals can be used (Creek, shot, knock), signal rockets, smoke checkers.
One of the latest achievements in the development of "target design" is a small rubber balloon with a nylon shell, covered with four luminous paints, under which the light flashes at night; The light from it is well visible at a distance of 4-5 km. Before running, the ball is filled with a helium from a small capsule and is held at an altitude of 90 m nylon cable. The mass of the kit is 1.5 kg.

With the aim of facilitate search appropriate to apply International Code Table Aerial signals "Earth - Air". Her signs can be laid out with the help of girlfriend (equipment, clothing, stones, trees), directly by people who need to lie on the ground, snow, ice, wrapped out on the snow.

"Need a doctor"	"We need medicines " .	"Unable move"	"We need Food and water "	"Wanted Weapon I. ammunition"
"Wanted Map I. compass"	"You need a warning lamp with a battery and a radio station"	"Specify the direction of the following"	"I am moving in this direction"	"Try take off
"Vessel Really damaged "	"Here you can safely commit landing	"Fuel and oil requires"	"Everything is fine"	"No or Negatively "
"Yes or positively"	"Do not understand"	"Requires a mechanic"	"Operations finished "	"Nothing detected, continue the search"
"Information obtained that the aircraft is in this direction"	"We found of all the people"	"We found only a few people"	"We are not able to continue, return to the database"	"Divided into two groups, each follows in the specified direction"

Code table

For victims, devoid of emergency signal "tools", invented another way of alarm - an international code table.

The signals of the code table are laid out on open, well-visible places - on the slopes of hills, glades. In different sources, the recommended dimensions of the signals indicate different, depending on the tastes and departmental addiction of the authors. Therefore, it is better to stay at the International Standard: 10 m in length, 3 m in width and 3 m between signs. But in any case, no less than 2.5 m. Otherwise, the sign will be difficult to disassemble from a high height. There are no restrictions in a large side - the more significant signal, the higher the probability that it will notice.

For example, I was my own eyes in one of the travels was able to observe a sign with sizes, much more than a hundred (!) Meters. True, it was not a sign of disaster, but rather a symbol of human nonsense. Someone was not lazy, I risen the slope of the hill rummaged over the surrounding area in order to perpetuate one very short, but the Caucasian Russian word, which I can't quantify here for censorship considerations.

Local pilots were not without pride claimed that this titanic structure of lovers of Russian literature was used to guide the aircraft to the native airport and easily read even from space! So the content of the content, and an example of the fact that the more - the better, very visual.

What can be done from? Almost everything. From unfolded on earth, sleeping bags, cutting tents, spare clothes, salary, pieces of fabric, fixed with the help of ribbed pegs or stones superimposed on top. Of the wreckage of vehicle, stones, fabrics and branches of trees. On the seashore - from pebbles or thrown out seaweed.
You can not lay out the signal, but, for example, digging, for what to remove it with a shovel or knife to dend and deepen the resulting trench. At the same time, the turne itself needs to be carefully put along the trench on the grass inner, the dark side upwards that twice the width.
In the snow, the signal "draws" with the help of ash from the boiled fire or is pulpped with shoe heels. The bottom of the dilated trenches is preferably lined with sweetheart, branches, etc. Dark material. Only, pulling the trenches on the snow, do not be lit up next to them, so that instead of a clearly readable signal sign, not to get a senseless pattern of dozens of dozens in different directions of tracks and paths. It follows only on the one hand to the construction site and only one, in advance designated path.

In all cases it is necessary to strive to ensure the maximum contrast of the color signal and the background, on which it is decomposed. In other words, on light soil, signs should be darker, on dark - light.

In the desert, where the building material does not have to choose, the low trees from the sand are heated. Such a sign "works" twice a day - in the morning and in the evening, when the sun stands low above the horizon. Thick shadows, discarded by artificial sand shafts, are well readable enough. But it is even better to warm up on the stakes driven into the sand, cloth cloth or even tight paper. The fabric itself can be any color, even yellow, because there will be no panels to draw the signal, but the shadow dropped them. In the absence of fabric, a similar shadow signal can be touched on to build from linked harvesters and stretched between stakes in a meter from plants.

Each code table sign has a one-known known pilot of the search plane value.

! ! ! Invent your own signals are not worth it, and if you forgotten for any reason, how one or another sign is decrypted, you can put a well-known SOS signal on Earth.

I have long doubted whether it is worth telling the reader about one emergency signaling method. On the one hand, it is simple, it is simple and therefore accessible to any person, does not require any additional technical devices, effective - solid weighty pluses. On the other hand, it makes an objective damage to the surrounding nature - at current times the minus is very serious. Well, how are people, carried away, will begin to apply it, where necessary and where it is not necessary? But then he thought that he was better than the "signal" fire.

In addition, this method is quite laborious so that the person takes over him only boredoms or pranks. The essence of this method of signaling is that the victims of them are trying to change the natural view of the surrounding area by everyone. The geometric shapes of the large size are burned on the Earth, artificial appeals are cut down in a dense.

Of course, it is more convenient not to pump large trees, such a work is too time-consuming, but, for example, to cut a low shrub on the edges of the forest or shores of the reservoir. Size of the sign (circle, triangle, etc.) should be 20 m or more, the width of the strip is 3 - 4 m. Near this sign is almost not visible, but from a height of several hundred meters it immediately strides.

In general, it should be noted that in an emergency it is impossible to be limited to installing one or two signals. The alarm must be diverse and, if you can put it, multistage, only then it is effective. For example, catching the cabin from the signal mirror on the glass of the cabin, the pilot looks at carefully, notice the geometric shape carved in the shrub.

Having dropped, disassemble the signs of the code table and the smoke of the signal campfire and finally will consider the people themselves. By the way, the latter should take care that they are clearly visible - to wear a bright, better orange, and in the steppe white clothes, get out of the shade of trees on a sunny, open place, waving over the head of bright pieces of fabric, at night - a torch or flashlight.

But even better if the victims disaster will know international Aviation Emergency Signalingused to transmit information by pilots of search and rescue aircraft and helicopters.

1. Please take on board.
2. Technical assistance is required.
3. It is convenient to put a landing here.
4. Everything is in order.
5. You understood, I perform.
6. I have a radio station.
7. It is dangerous to land here.
8. I can not move, medical care is needed.
9. Ready to take a pennant, a written message.
10. Yes.
11. No.

For the same purpose - - another alarm form is used.
Only not international, but our, domestic, adopted in the Air Force.

Who will have the victim to communicate in the conditions of the accident - with our or not by our aviators and which of them which gesturing system is adhered to, it is impossible to say in advance, so it's better, just in case you know both:

1. "The incident occurred, there are victims" - a person lying on Earth, or a circle of fabric (painted parachute), in the middle of which the figure of a lying person.

2. "We need food, warm outfit" - a person who is sitting on the ground, or a triangle of fabric.

3. "Show, in what direction to go" - a person with arms raised and slightly divorced hand, or a thin, long triangle of fabric in the form of an arrow.

4. "Here you can put a landing" - a man in a shallow priest with the hands stretched forward, or a square of the fabric.

5. "Land in the specified direction" - a standing person with an end forward with his hands in the direction of landing or landing "T" from the fabric.

6. "It is impossible to sit here" - a standing person with crossed hands over her head or a cross from the fabric.

! ! ! In addition to special, there are simplified disaster signalsThe rescuers of almost all departments are aware of those or more.

For example, universal in all respects SOS signal, or any other light or beep, repeated three times in a row through short intervals. It does not matter that it will be three fire, three pillars of smoke, three loud whistles, three shots, three light flashes, etc. - if only the signal was triple.

Between the feed of each group of signals, you should withstand a minute pause. Three light or noise signals - a minute of rest - and again three signals. International disaster signal adopted in the mountainsIt looks somewhat different: six whistles, light flashes or cramped with hand per minute, then a minute pause and repeat signal.

If during the trip you noticed someone else's disaster signal - take all measures to assist. First of all, fix the location of the signal - remove the benchmarks in the specified direction using the "Belayer" compass. If the victims are in a hard-to-reach place, several most experienced travelers should come to the aid. It is unacceptable to send the rescue team of the light - without a tent, warm things, nutrition.

Exiting rescuers must be completely autonomous, even if you are in disrespects are a few hundred meters. The remaining (insisting group) should immediately begin the equipment of the emergency camp - to break the tents, build asylum, spread fires, boil the water, set signals around the camp and in the direction of the movement of the sparklers, organize intermediate camps.

If possible, it is necessary to immediately inform about the rescue services that occurred, the authorities and further act according to their instructions. With the work of full-time rescuers, independent, not agreed with them are unacceptable. You can continue the route only with the permission of the relevant services after the end of sagging.

In the case when the victims decided, without waiting for the help of rescue teams, to get out to people on their own, the place where the accident occurred, they should mark with the help of the methods described above, and in the direction of the movement necessarily lay out well-distinguishable from the air - arrow From the international code table.

At the same time on Earth in a prominent place from stones, slices of ice, the logs are built far away by a far-visible tour trunk. Several two-meter sticks are fixed on its top to which bright flaps of fabric, foil, tin cans are attached. Under the tour or next to it, in the weather-protected capacity - in a bottle with a stale stearin, in a triple polyethylene bag, rubber balloon, etc. - is left to the note, which indicates: complete data of the injured accident (surnames, names, homework and workers Addresses), briefly describes what has happened, the property and equipment (products, water, signaling agents, weapons, clothing, etc.) are listed at the disposal of the group (products), the selected direction of movement is justified. Be sure to indicate a year, the number and time when the note is left.

At the base of the tour of the stones or thick branches, several pointers shooter directed by the edges in the direction of the intended direction of movement are laid out.

All unnecessary things are left near the tour in a prominent place. Cargo on the road (except for mandatory means of signaling and orientation, weapons, polyethylene, with which you can safely protect against precipitation, wind, cold, and in the desert to get water) should be taken on the basis of the specific climatic and geographical conditions of the route, but not forgetting the wise rule : "Hoping for the best, get ready for the worst!"

During the movement, it is necessary to launch your route as often as possible - wearing the branches, make the trees on the trunks of trees, put unnecessary things in noticeable places, etc. In the difficult area, the label should be located within the limits of direct detection - from one label is seen another. In places to change the direction of movement, it should be set 2 - 3 large labels - a large treasury on a tree trunk, a tour, stripes of bright material, fixed on tree branches.

Next to the label lay the arrow indicating the direction of movement. Once a day it is necessary to leave in well-visible places, protecting against bad weather, notes indicating your route and another important information for rescuers and the date of leaving the note. Remember: Frequently set tags facilitate the search for the missing group.

With the same purpose, especially in winter, it is desirable to lay your way on open spaces, remembering that search aircraft and helicopters will first examine the edges, glads, seeks, the channels of frozen rivers, on the surface of which traces are distinguishable much better than in Dolly. To facilitate their task in open areas of the route, you must try to leave as many traces as possible, for example, going on with each other, and the unfolded front. It is possible to leave the traces as much as possible on the surface of linear, available for inspection of landmarks: in the middle of wide pros, on the snowy ice of the reservoirs. It is their aviators that will inspect the most carefully.

For the same reasons, when moving along the river or crossing through water barriers, places with open wide sandy beaches should be selected, on which the traces are saved for quite a long time and are well visible from the air.

In conclusion, I want a slightly ... disappoint the reader. Alarm alarm is not a simple thing as it may seem to read this chapter. There is always the likelihood that no one will notice the signal that feeds you except you. This is especially characteristic for cases when the victims are not specifically wanted.

Once in the sea, we tried to attract the attention of a small ship passing at 10-12 cable from us. We shouted, raised and lowered the sails, whistled in a boatswain whistle, kneading that the whistle was twice as much as the cry, beat a spoon in the bottom of the empty pan. Finally, the signal cartridge was blocked and at the same time "hung" over the deck of the rocket vessel. And what? And nothing - the ship continued to go to his course. It can be seen, the steering wheel buried his nose into a compass curtain, not wanting to see anything on the sides, and the ears "laid" to the rokot of a diesel engine, who was coming from the engine room.

Moreover, somehow, just in the same way, we yourself are not wanting, "slipped" under the very nose in patrol ships and aircraft in the class zone of the class of the class "Sky - Earth" and sailed under the edge of the floating targets! On the day and even at the hour of exercises! And again no one noticed! But we also tried to give signals. Including smoke. Nobody saw us! Although to see and not to miss the strangers in the secret zone - the direct responsibility of the negligent guards.

That's when we understood: I hope for emergency signal means, yes, it's not a root.

The last Council concerns not so much an alarm technology, how many universal ethics.

Any rescue operation distracts a large number of people from the main work, exposes their lives at increased risk, not counting the major financial costs. Therefore, before you decide to submit a distress signal, you need to think seven times! Any disaster signal should be used only in a truly critical situation, directly threatening life or people's health! Several tens of kilometers who have to pass, erased legs or failure to comply with the timing of the campaign, I'm not talking about such mercantyl reasons, as fear of being late from vacation, missing aviation tickets, etc. - is not a reason for feeding the alarm and deploying large-scale rescue operations.

With the same purpose, after a successful completion of the accident, all the alarms should be removed or, if it is impossible, to notify local authorities, rescue services, aviator, which in the specified areas of signals (specify which specifically) "non-working". Unfortunately, there are cases when travelers have been known for many days at home, and rescue detachments raised on the alarm continued to french the terrain in search of victims.

In addition to the "external" emergency, useful to develop in advance at the time of the accident to use internal alarm. Some of the capabilities of sound, light, gesture signals are shown in the picture. The signal is supplied with the frequency of signals of the Alphabet of Morse with a whistle, screaming, lantern, torch, or using a "manual semaphore". The gap between the signals is 4 - 5C - three dash.

1. Two hands up, or continuous long signals (dash) - "Require. Watch me."
2. One hand up, or one short signal (dot) - "I need help with one or two people."
3. Stand sideways, hand ahead, thumb up, or one long signal (dash) - "I have everything fine."
4. Two hands on the sides or two long signals (dash) - "Do not do anything. Act yourself."
5. Hand to side or two short signals - "Go to me."
6. Frequent breathtaking with arms raised or continuous short signals - "Emergency Situation. Immediate help."
7. One hand up, the other in the direction or alternation of short and long signals - "Drain (listen) on the direction indicated by me. Remove the azimuth."

Signals of attracting attention:

1. Orange smoke ps, flue checkers;
2. Raspberry Fire FSD, Falsefofira, Torch Cups, Chimneys;
3. Stars and outbreaks of missiles, Mortic cartridges tracing bullets;
4. glare signal mirrors;
5. Signal signals on the ground;
6. Orange color spots on water;
7. Light and smoke of fires;
8. Bright clothes;
9. Greach of homemade mirrors, foil;
10. Radobui and radio stations;
11. Sound signals;
12. Light signals by Morse alphabet;
13. Flags;
14. Signal tours;
15. Balloons and snakes;
16. Tests and other improvised tags.

Chopper hurries to help

Signal mirror

Alarm mirror as a means of alarm applies only with solar weather. The effectiveness of its use is quite high. Thus, at the angle of standing of the Sun 130 °, the brightness of the light "bunny" is 4 million candles, and at an angle of 90 ° it increases to 7 million candles. The outbreak of the sunny "bunny" can be detected much earlier than any other signal supplied from the surface of the Earth during the daytime during sunny weather. From an airplane flying at an altitude of 1-1.5 km, such an outbreak is discovered at a distance of up to 24 km. It was the sunny "bunny" of the signal mirror made by Chechoni (Mechanic "Italy", the victim of a catastrophe in the central Arctic in the spring of 1928) from a wooden plate, which was placed by a box from under the chocolate tiles, turned out to be the only signal that the commander of the Italian rescue aircraft noticed .
The signaling mirror can be both glass and metallic, preferably with 10-12 cm sides, with a small hole in the center. The glass mirror must be double-sided, and metallic - have a well-polished surface of the plate on both sides.
When the aircraft appears (helicopter or aircraft), it is necessary to get up against the sun and look through a hole on a flying helicopter (aircraft), holding a mirror at a short distance in a half-bent hand. The tourist will see the reflection of his face on the surface of the mirror and the light spot on it from the hole in the mirror. In order to reflected from the mirror the rays of the sun were directed to the helicopter or aircraft, the mirror should be rotated or tilt until the light spot is compatible with the central opening. A bright shiny surface of a mirror or a metal plate when it is swaying, it gives intermittent flashes, which in the air it is easy to draw the crew of the aircraft ( fig. 10, A.).

In case there is no double-sided mirror or metal plate, you can use for alarm alarm and a conventional one-sided mirror without a hole, using the following procedure: a) holding a mirror with one hand close to the person, to arrange it so that the reflected ray is directed in approximately the right direction. , i.e. on a flying helicopter or aircraft; b) pull out another hand towards the object of sight and "plant" it at the end of the allotted thumb; c) clarify the slope of the mirror so that the allotted thumb is lit by the reflected light. Now the reflected ray is directed to a flying helicopter. The accuracy of the beam guidance in this way is lower than with a special signaling mirror ( fig. 10, B.).

If there are no mirrors, you can try to use a brilliant bottom from a tin can, a piece of any metal plate, that is, any items reflecting the sun rays.

Screw tools

Tourists who endure disaster to designate their location can use the remedies that are available at their disposal.
Bright clothing objects, equipment (tents, awnings, capes, backpacks, etc.) can be thrilled in trees, poles and, preferably, on a more elevated place in relation to the surrounding area. In the presence of a river or a stream flowing in a forest array, you can use a tent or awning in bright colors for alarm alarm, pulling them over the river or streams ( fig. eleven).

In order to alarm, you can use the surrounding area, introducing changes in it, well-visible from the air. For these purposes, you can cut a shrub in the form of a circle, square or other geometric shapes, toft with legs or skis similar or other figures on the snow. It is desirable if the terrain, the size of signs or figures to bring up to 30-50 m on sides or diameter so that they are easier to notice from the air. If there is a reservoir with standing water, the water surface can be painted with a fluorescein or a stained powder, which formed spot from which is well noticeable from the air and, as a rule, attracts attention not only to search helicopters, but also flying in the area of \u200b\u200baircraft carriages.
As a means of alarm, you can use a manufactured raft, fasten it on the surface of the reservoir using an anchors and ignite the fire on it when the helicopter appears.
You can use boulders, folding from them various figures that could attract the attention of the search helicopter, trees, building any geometric shapes from them.
At night, conventional lights are suitable for alarm. The signals using the flashlight are more noticeable if they are enabled on and off.
In addition to the means of alarm, participants in tourist groups that make hiking with active methods of movement, whose routes pass away from settlements, especially in difficult areas, should know the code table of international visual signals "Earth-Air" supplied by the crew of any aircraft in the event of Either an emergency ( fig. 12).
International code table Air Signals "Earth - Air":

1 - Need a doctor - serious injuries; 2 - Need medicines; 3 - are not able to move; 4 - Need food and water; 5 - Weapons and ammunition are required; 6 - a map and compass are required; 7 - you need a warning lamp with a battery and a radio station; 8 - specify the direction of the following; 9 - I move in this direction; 10 - Let's try to take off; 11 - the ship is seriously damaged; 12 - here you can safely land; 13 - fuel and oil are required; 14 - everything is in order; 15 - no or negative; 16 - yes or positively; 17- did not understand; 18 - Required mechanic; 19 - operations are completed; 20 - nothing detected, continue the search; 21 - information was obtained that the aircraft is in this direction; 22 - We found all people; 23 - We found only a few people; 24 - We are not able to continue, return to the base; 25 - divided into two groups, each follows in the specified direction.

Note.

1. Signals 1-9, 12, 14-17, 20, 22-25 are used by the participants of the tourist group, in which an emergency occurred, or on the instructions of the head of the search and rescue service, take part in search (assistance) to another tourist group.
2. Signals 19-25 are used mainly with a terrestrial search for the missing tourist group.

The signals of the international code table can be postned from bright items of clothing and equipment, and with a sudden appearance of a helicopter or aircraft, the signal can be depicted for the tourists themselves, for which they should lie on the surface of the Earth or snow cover. In winter, if it allows snow cover, signs can be pulled out on an open and relatively flat terrain. In order for the signs to be more visible from the air, they can be (if there is in the savingford or under the underground research works) to paint with fluorescein or uranulum powder.
The signal can also be postned by using skis and ski sticks, tree trunks, and other rebunny material.
If the tourist group, discovered by the search helicopter, was reset vymned with questions, then answer first of all on the questions. For example, pennant with the following issues from the helicopter: "Will you be a group of school 46 of the city of Novosibirsk ( conditional), head of parish? " If you are, the answer must be postponed in the form of a sign 16, which means: "Yes." It will be quite natural to be asked about the need to provide any assistance. In the case of the need for medical care, if not even the above group, you should post one of the signs (1-3) or sequentially all three depending on the current situation.

Water alarm

It is possible that an emergency may occur with a tourist group that makes a hike in a large water area, to eliminate the consequences of which will be assisted from outside. To supply a disaster signal can be used:

mobile communications;

radio to supply a signal through the COSPAS-SARSAT system;

signal mirror (in sunny weather and when the aircraft appears);

rockets, signal cartridges;

flashlights at night and improvised torch from undergraded means;

special powder (fluoresceident or tanned) for water staining.

Powder for staining water, signaling mirror, rocket, signaling cartridges, flashlights, torch - all this is used only in the event of a helicopter or aircraft. It should be remembered that the color stain forming from the powder, if there is an excitement or rather strong surface flows, quickly disappears.
The signals supplied using the flashlight, as already mentioned, are more noticeable if you are turned on and off. In the absence of a flashlight or failure of power supplies (batteries), the signal when the helicopter appears can be served using a torch, pre-prepared it from shirt, t-shirts and other clothing or equipment items. At the ready to keep the required amount of fuel, distinguished from the primus or spare canister, if any. In the absence of metal racks for the tent, you can use the paddle to use the torch. In the event of a loss of cheer, you can use objects of dishes (bowl, pot, etc.), putting rags in them, moistened with flammable, which should be settled at the time of the helicopter, observing, naturally, all precautions in order not to get a burn of any part of the body .
These are the main subtleties of the use of a helicopter during search and rescue work, which we told the rescuers who arrived by us at the time of recovery Andrei Ilyich. "

Conclusion

Search and rescue service In the event of an emergency in any tourist group, it is often attracted to the participants being carried out not only by the Group in which an emergency occurred, but also participants in other tourist groups traveling in this area or arrived in the search and rescue service for Registration in order to commit the declared trip, which is provided for by the instructions for organizing and conducting tourist hiking, expeditions and excursions (travel) with students, pupils and students of the Russian Federation, approved by order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation of July 13, 1992 No. 293.
Therefore, therefore, it is necessary to have if not skills, then at least elementary ideas about the main points associated with the organization and conduct of search and rescue work with the use of the helicopter. First of all, it concerns tourist groups, which, as already mentioned, make their campaigns away from settlements and in the context of complex relief. In the event of an emergency in the tourist group, the delivery of rescuers in a short time is possible, as a rule, only with a helicopter. And not only the delivery of rescuers, but also the search for the tourist group, intersecting the established control period of the end of the campaign. Knowledge and ability to organize the flow of various signals from the land of the search helicopter, pick up and equip the temporary landing pad for the helicopter, put the victims of the stretcher, lowered from the helicopter, in case of the impossibility of its landing at the Emergency Situation - All this is one of the collaborations of successful search Rescue operation.

P.S. The story of Marina, the participants of the campaign, recorded, completed, corrected, illustrated, and also wrote a conclusion

Vladislav Nosyrev