How to install linux iso from windows. How do I install Linux on Windows? Two ways to share. Linux under Windows: real

How to combine the power of Linux and Windows? To go from
one to the other did not have to reboot the computer and not use
a virtual machine that surely eats up half of all resources! To
it was finally convenient! Dream? Already a reality!

The idea of \u200b\u200bhaving a complete (or nearly complete) Linux environment on Windows
many are haunted. Of course, nothing prevents us from starting a virtual machine,
using, for example, a free solution VMware Server, and set as
the guest OS is whatever your heart desires. But do you really want to run every time
a resource-intensive virtual machine just to
use multiple applications? With the fact that it works slowly and
inconvenient, you can still put up, but donate hundreds of MB of RAM and
CPU time is often unrealistic. But if not, then how
right?

Good old Cygwin

The ability to combine Windows and Unix without using virtualization
appeared a long time ago. Who among us has not tried to use the infamous Cygwin –
a special environment for porting programs from POSIX-compatible
operating systems in Windows. Many nix utilities ported with
Cygwin, feel great under Windows and are still developing. Me myself
I remember very well how happy I was when I first compiled a Linux program
(it seems it was an exploit) right under Windows. Essentially, Cygwin is
a library that implements the application programming interface of unix systems
based on Win32 system calls (standard for Windows). The product is still
does an excellent job with its tasks, and in the case of using assemblies
(Cygwin +
GNOME) and
(Cygwin + KDE) even lets you run some windowed applications. Fairy tale?
Well, not quite. Even despite the emulation of nyx, it feels like
incompleteness and lack of integration into the system itself. Console window in Cygwin,
claiming to be a tux in Windows - not exactly what we wanted. Command
the shell in the system remains the same: the same notorious cmd.exe and nothing else. AND
after all, people accustomed to bash or some other convenient nix shell are unlikely to go
to compromise on the limitations of Microsoft's solution. Yes, you can install
the GNU utilities for Win32 collection, which includes 26 ported nix
utilities (for example, the beloved by many grep), partly compensating for the lack of
familiar tools, but again - there is no talk of integration into the system.
Microsoft's extended shell, PowerShell, provides a huge
room for activity (which you can read about in a separate article, which
we posted on disk) and is thoroughly embedded in the system, but nothing to do with
nix bash does not. So what can be done?

Solution from Microsoft

The solution was found where you are not looking for it - on the Microsoft website, in the form of a special
package Windows Services for UNIX (SFU)which is freely available for download.
The developments themselves position it as a special subsystem for
IT-professionals who want to painlessly crawl to Windows from nix systems.
The subsystem was named Interix and this, I can tell you, is something! Latest SFU release
includes more than 350 favorite unixoid utilities (among them vi, ksh, csh, ls, cat,
awk, grep, kill), which are fully integrated into the system. In addition, SFU
includes GCC 3.3, the GDB debugger, NFS server and client, and many more useful
the household of things. Unfortunately the mentioned bash shell, the file
Midnight Commander, OpenSSH daemon, emacs editor, or Apache http daemon
will have to be installed manually, but ready-to-install packages are easy to download from the website
www.interopsystems.com/tools/warehouse.htm. Moreover, the listed programs -
only a small part of what is there.

As a result of installing SFU, you get the full feeling that you are in
* NIX environment. What is a single bash executable by the kernel subsystem and therefore
running at the same speed as Win32 applications. By installing the ssh daemon, you
turn an ordinary Windows XP into a multiuser server on which
several active accounts can work simultaneously. And don't use
any additional tools, like Terminal Services - here's a ready-made
a solution with many possibilities of niks. Well, if you work in the console
do not like it, then nothing prevents you from installing a free X-Window server,
specially optimized for SFU -


X-Win32 LX... Let me remind you that the X Window System is a protocol with
through which the video output can be sent from one computer to another. AT
as a result, we get a full-fledged Remote Desktop. In conclusion, it should be noted that all
the above is installed for one or two, like any usual applications for
Windows. It upsets one thing: the last release of SFU was released back in 2006, and the new
versions, apparently, are not foreseen.

Linux for Windows: Really?

Even if Microsoft experts are engaged in the creation
Linux environment in Windows, it is reasonable to assume that there are similar solutions
and on the other side of the barricades. A big problem in running nix apps under
Windows is in the absence of an appropriate operating system kernel, and
the team of programmers from Japan perfectly understood this. Puzzled by this
a snag, they presented first the concept, and then the implementation of the Linux kernel,
fully ported to Windows! The project was named Cooperative Linux or,
abbreviated, coLinux... is he
became the first free development that allows you to run Linux under Windows without
any virtualization and the need to recompile applications! Is achieved
this is due to a special driver that maps Linux system calls to calls
Windows. When an application tries to call a familiar Linux function, it
work does not break off with an error - the call is translated into a set of system calls
Windows itself and is successfully executed. All this works much faster than in
any virtual machines, since the kernel is native to Windows and is not
resources are spent on virtualization.

Despite the fact that with coLinux you can run not only Linux
applications, but in general the tux itself, we will not consider it in detail. But
let's focus on two other projects that use coLinux as
basics, but more user-friendly, eliminating the need to spend
time for adjustment, which in the case of "naked" would have to be done manually.
The first of these projects is
andLinux.

How to make from Windows Ubuntu?

If someone asks you “What is andLinux? ", The best answer is:
“This is an almost complete Ubuntu Linux distribution that runs right in
Windows system! " Yes Yes exactly! CoLinux is used as the kernel,
however, andLinux is far superior in capabilities. To jump from
a ready-to-use distribution kit is available on the official site. Generally,
normal program, except for the weight: 131 MB for the version with the graphic
shell XFCE and a minimal set of utilities - and as much as 653 MB for the full version with
KDE. If you don't know what it is, choose the second option - you won't be mistaken.

Installing the package on the system does not stand out in anything special, but you have to
answer a few questions of the wizard, indicating some parameters of work
andLinux:

1. The amount of RAM that can be used
Linux applications, it is better to choose "at least 256 MB", although everything will work,
even if you select only 128.

2. As for the question of how to start andLinux, I advise you to choose the option with
automatic launch as a Windows service.

3. For the add-in to have access to the main file system, you will have to
configure Samba (a special service in nix systems that allows you to connect to
shared resources of Microsoft networks). To do this, you need to create a folder in
Windows and make it available from the network (share), and during the installation of andLinux
- specify her name and, if required, login and password for access.

After installation, a panel appears on the system (in the case of a distribution kit with XFCE)
or the tray icon (in the case of KDE), with which they are launched
preinstalled Linux applications. For a regular user, it looks like
a set of the most common programs! Not surprising at all, because they all have
usual Windows framing (in contrast to the ugly Cygwin'a). therefore
confusing a "foreigner" with a regular program is very easy!

You can run absolutely everything that is in Ubuntu Linux... At least no
We did not find any restrictions and without any problems we installed a bunch of software from the repositories
Ubuntu using the package managers apt-get and Synaptic. If you are with him
not yet familiar, this is your real chance to appreciate their power and convenience. Opened the window
found the name of the required program, clicked "Install" - that's the whole installation.
The manager himself will download the necessary distribution files, as well as all the necessary
libraries and provide the user with a ready-to-run application. It even
easier than installing the program on Windows! Naturally, nothing prevents you from collecting
programs from source. In general, andLinux works amazingly, and the only
an inconvenient moment can be considered unless the exchange of files between Windows and Linux
through shared folders and Samba.

Last decision

Perhaps our experience of turning Windows into tux would have ended there if
On May 19 this year, Ulteo did not announce the launch of beta testing of its
new application -
Ulteo
Virtual Desktop... Essentially the same as andLinux. New
also based on coLinux and allows you to run a wide variety of nix applications
without the need for recompilation. Due to the fact that this is still an early beta,
developers recommend using only the pre-installed set of programs
(Kopete, Konqueror, KPdf, GIMP, etc.) which are launched from a special menu
immediately after installing the package and do not require any additional configuration.
But if you do not take this limitation into account (especially, install applications
in fact, you can, however, at your own peril and risk), then already now you can select
several serious development advantages over andLinux (in fairness
Note that this development did not have a final release either).

Ulteo Virtual Desktop developers have implemented an exchange system much more conveniently
files from Windows. User account folder in Windows automatically
mounted in the Linux home folder, which is incomparably more comfortable than
share through shared resources. Excellent sound system support and
printers right out of the box is another strong point of the system. It only remains to add
automatic program update and data synchronization via the Internet.
I sincerely hope that Virtual Desktop will develop rapidly and in a few
months will delight us with the release.

WARNING

Virtual Desktop, coLinux, andLinux will only work on 32-bit versions
Windows 2000, XP, 2003 , Vista... 64-bit platform support still exists
only in plans.

This method requires the GRUB bootloader installed on your computer!

P.S With this method, I personally tried installing Linux Mint and Ubuntu. I have not tested the installation of other distributions and I cannot guarantee that this method will work, but theoretically there should be no problems.

First download the Ubuntu image somewhere. I downloaded Ubuntu 11.10 image, renamed it to ubuntu.iso and put it in the root of your hard drive. The main thing is to remember the full path to the image from the root of the partition and the number of this same partition. You can reboot.

If you want to install Ubuntu from the iso running in this way, then keep in mind two things:

Your iso image should not be located on the hard drive on which you will install Ubuntu and which is bootable. Otherwise, nothing will work. And it doesn't matter which section you put it on.

After starting Ubuntu with iso, go to the terminal, type mount and make sure that there are really no partitions in the output that satisfy step 1.

In fact, the easiest way is to put the Ubuntu image on a USB flash drive, which is defined in GRUB as (fd0).

When the computer boots up, when the GRUB menu appears, press the C key. You will be taken to the GRUB console. Dial

A list of all your sections will appear. Find the one you need there, in my case it will be called (hd1,0 ) ... hd is usually sda, hd1 is sdb, etc.

Now execute

loopback loop (hd1,0) /ubuntu.iso

Putting the drive you need and the full path to the iso image of ubuntu. If everything worked successfully, then write

linux / casper / vmlinuz boot \u003d casper iso-scan / filename \u003d / ubuntu.iso noprompt

Don't forget to change the path to the image! Then initrd:

Everything can be loaded. We give the command

and wait for Ubuntu to boot.

If you need to install the system from the hard drive on which you install it, then you may need the following information:

I faced such problem

The Ubuntu installer flatly refused to continue the installation, arguing that I have a mounted partition. In order to create a loop device with our Ubuntu image, grub2 first mounted the partition that contained this very image. And it doesn't matter that this section did not appear in any way among those claiming any modification during installation, the installer was adamant and refused to continue the installation.

After a short search on Google, it turned out that I am not the first person to encounter this. The problem was solved by removing the line with the mounted partition (in my case it was / dev / sda1) from / etc / mtab ... This had to be done before starting the installation. After removing it, everything went like clockwork.

If you install from external media (usb-hdd, usb-flash), such problems should not arise.

At the moment, installation from an iso image is natively supported in ubuntu and all distributions based on it (kubuntu, edubuntu, hubuntu, lubuntu, mint and others * buntu), gentoo also supports this type of installation.

But do not forget in each distribution kit the kernel image files and init files can be named differently and lie in different directories, for ease I will present a small table as these files are called in popular distras.

Ubuntu	vmlinuz	initrd.gz
Debian	vmlinuz	initrd.gz
Fedora	vmlinuz	initrd.img
Mandriva	vmlinuz	all.rdz
openSUSE	linux	initrd
Slackware	bzImage	initrd.img
Gentoo	gentoo	gentoo.igz

i also want to give a little hint of a way out for those who do not have a GRUB bootloader on their computer and have Windows installed (version is not important).

For such people, there is a utility grub4dos I will not describe the installation, there is no documentation in bulk and there is absolutely nothing complicated there. In short - this utility installs the grab loader into your system and writes it into the ntldr Windows loader. after restarting the computer, you can see 2 boot options - starting Windows or starting GRUB, by choosing rough you can go back to the beginning of this post and follow all the steps that are described in it.

LINUXSOID August 3, 2014

Ubuntu

On the Internet, you see a lot of instructions on how to install ubuntu, many suggest going straight to the actual installation on a disk together with Windows, but many newbies are often afraid of doing something wrong because of their inexperience so as not to accidentally format the disk or even destroy all their data on another drive.

I have seen many legends and fairy tales, do not install the Ubuntu operating system from under Windows using Wubi, maybe there is a certain part of the disadvantages of which you will not fully experience if you install the system in this way, but this is not a significant part that you can ignore at all ...

How did I get started using Linux system? At first, when I was still studying, we were taking a course on Linux and I needed to install one of the systems, the first thing I did was to install Mandriva and I don't remember which version of the distribution kit, but I didn't really like it. On the next couple, the teacher explained that it would be better for us to install Ubuntu since this distribution is widely popular among both beginners and experienced users. From there I began my journey to the Linux World.

Which way did I install Ubuntu? After looking at a lot of instructions on how to install the system, I was scared to do something wrong and not harm the Windows installed by the primary system. I chose the type of installation from under Windows - Wubi, for beginners this is a great way out, since the installation takes place in several steps, which can be done by any and even not an experienced user.

What do we need to install Ubuntu using Wubi? It is advisable to cut with Acronis disk director a separate disc of about 20 GB, this disk space will be enough for you to start mastering Linux.

Next, download the image of the operating system Ubuntu - ubuntu.com, downloaded? burn the image to disk or extract the contents of the image using a utility Pover ISO to the folder on drive D... After you have extracted all the contents of the image inside you will see the file Wubi.exe, run the file which will begin the procedure for starting the installation of the Ubuntu system from under Windows... I hope you completed the previous step to cut a 15-20 GB disc for system installation, if so, continue.

After running the file Wubi.exe, we will open the following window, look below:

• Installation disk - at this point we select the disk (The disc that we cut off for this, not the C or D disk).
• Installation size - the disk space that we will allocate for the system, choose about 15GB is enough for you.
• The desktop environment is Ubuntu.
• Installation language - Russian, as you like, you can choose English or any other.
• Username - the user under which you will log into the system, in other words, the super user Root.
• Set a password.
• The last step is to click on the install button.

After completing the steps above for installation, the system files will be extracted to the drive of your choice on which the Ubuntu Linux operating system will be installed. At the end of the extraction of files, you will be prompted to restart the computer, restart, from this moment the direct installation of the system will begin, everything will happen automatically, you will not even need to press something or enter commands or something else. The system will be installed for 15-20 minutes, after which, upon completion, a reboot will also be required, after rebooting you will have to log in as the user you created at the very beginning of our installation.

That's all, the system is installed, you can get used to it. Also, you may immediately have a question, but how to configure the Internet? if you have a cable provider, then the configuration takes place in a couple of minutes, open a terminal and enter the command:

A window will open. Enter the password that you created for the user when you installed your system.

After that, the Internet connection setup program will open PPPoEwhich will detect and display our network devices. In most cases, you just need to press Tab - "Yes" - Enter.

After that we will be asked if we want to use the options:
noauth (do not require authentication from PPPoE server)
defaultroute (automatically adds the default route) and remove the nodetach option. Click "Yes".

After the program pppoeconf will notify us of the change in the configuration file dsl-provider.
We agree and click "Yes".

We will be prompted to enter our login from the contract and click "OK".

We enter the password from our contract. Click "Ok".
Be careful the password is case sensitive. In the event that you entered it with errors, you can correct the password by repeating the procedure by starting the pppoeconf program again.

Establish a connection using the command - sudo pon dsl-provider
Disconnect the connection using the command - sudo poff dsl-provider

After that, when you fully get used to the system and you will understand which team is responsible for what, where and how and what is corrected, and at least basicly master the terminal and some of the commands, you can easily remove the system installed from under Wubi by going to the second Windows system - Control Panel - Programs and components - Add and remove programs - and at the very bottom you will find our Ubuntu system, select it with a mouse click and click uninstall. I will tell you how to properly install the Ubuntu system together with Windows in the next article.

That's probably all. I look forward to your comments.

Some of the images are taken from - home.eltel.net

Linux can come in handy for many reasons. For example, your old computer cannot be upgraded to newer versions of Windows or macOS, or you need specific Linux applications, or you are just curious to try a new one. Or maybe you just bought a new computer without an operating system and want to save money by choosing free Linux.

Installing Linux is easy. Of course, there are distributions such as Arch, which is quite difficult to install for a beginner. But most modern distributions are very easy to install. Perhaps even simpler and faster than Windows.

Back up your important data before installing Linux on your main computer. When working with partitions on your hard drive, you can inadvertently erase something important. Of course, if you follow the instructions and carefully read what you are doing, then nothing unexpected will happen. But - not a superfluous thing in any case.

Linux can be installed on computers running Windows and macOS, or on an empty hard drive. You can choose Linux as your main system, or use it alongside your old system.

1. Download the Linux distribution

First of all, you need to choose a Linux distribution. The DistroWatch.com rating will help you decide.

Then you need to download the selected distribution. It's easier to do this: open the site of the required distribution kit, find the download section and select the one that suits your processor's bitness.

As a rule, Linux distributions on the official sites are offered to download in two ways. The first way is normal download. The second is through P2P via a torrent client. The second way is, of course, faster. So choose it if you want to save time.

When the ISO distribution has been downloaded, you need to burn it to a CD or a regular USB flash drive.

Burning to CD can be done using standard system tools: "Burn disk image" Windows or "Disk Utility" macOS. It is enough to right-click on the loaded image and select the appropriate item in the menu.

To burn ISO to a USB flash drive, you need special utilities. For Windows it is better to choose Rufus, and for macOS it is better to choose UNetbootin. These programs have a very simple interface, it is rather difficult to get confused in them.

3. Prepare the disk partition

This step should be performed in the event that you want to keep the system you have installed and use Linux at the same time. If you decide to transfer your computer to Linux completely or install the OS on an empty hard disk, skip this paragraph.

Windows

Open Windows Disk Management Tool. Select the disk or partition from which you plan to cut some space to install Linux. For most distributions, 10 GB is more than enough. But if you plan on installing a lot of apps, take more. Right-click the partition and select Shrink Volume. Enter the size and click OK.

The process can take quite a long time, so please be patient.

When Disk Management finishes resizing partitions, an empty unallocated space appears on the disk, marked in black. We will install Linux there.

Later, if you don't need Linux, you can delete partitions with it and give the freed space back to Windows using the same "Disk Management Tools".

macOS

You can allocate space for your Linux installation through the macOS Disk Utility. Select your drive and click on the "+" sign to create a Linux partition. It may take a while to create a new partition.

4. Prepare the bootloader

Windows

This item only applies to new computers with preinstalled Windows 10, 8.1, or 8. These computers use a UEFI boot loader that will prevent you from booting any system other than Windows.

To fix this, go to your computer's BIOS settings and disable the Secure Boot option. Then reboot. Done, you can now download and install other systems alongside your Windows.

macOS

Unlike most computers, Mac requires a couple of additional steps to install Linux on a dual boot with macOS.

First of all, disable SIP. Reboot your Mac and press Cmd + R. The Recovery menu appears. Select "Terminal" in it and enter csrutil disable.

Reboot your Mac again. SIP is disabled.

Manual

Suitable if you want to set the sizes for your partitions yourself or, for example, create a separate partition for your files. To do this, select "Another option" and click "Continue".

Linux will display what partitions you have on your computer. You can delete them, format, or, conversely, leave the sections with the information you want to keep.

To install Linux instead of your system, select the partition with the installed system and remove it with the "-" button. Then create new partitions in the vacant space.

• Root partition for Linux system files. Select Ext4 file system and mount point /.
• A swap partition, or swap partition, comes in handy if you don't have enough RAM, but a fast SSD. In the list of file systems, select "Swap Partition".
• Home section where your files will be stored. Select the Ext4 file system and / home mount point.

Click "Continue" and confirm the changes. The installer will erase the partitions you have selected and create new ones in the vacant space.

How to install Linux near the current system

There are two ways to install Linux alongside your system.

Auto

Most Linux installers will immediately detect the systems you have installed. If you did not create a separate disk space for Linux, then you can try to select "Install next to Windows". The installer will create the necessary partitions on its own, and you will not have to do anything manually.

Manual

If you want to decide for yourself how much space to allocate to the system, and followed the instructions in step 3, click "Other option" and click "Continue". You will see your disk partitions and the empty space that we have prepared for Linux. Create a root partition there (mount point /) as described above. The home section is not necessary in this case: you can copy and modify files on your main system.

Click Continue. The installer will leave your files where they are. It will simply create new partitions in the free space. You will be able to choose which system you want to boot at startup.

8. Complete the Linux installation

You will then be asked to introduce yourself. Enter your name and create a password. Do not forget the password, as you will always need it to complete tasks on behalf of everyone. You can encrypt your home folder if you want.

Then just wait. When the installation is complete, you will be prompted to remove the installation disc and reboot. Do not forget to disable boot from external drives in the BIOS if you enabled it.

What to do after installation

When you reboot and your Linux desktop appears in front of you, you can do everything you do in Windows and macOS: surf the Internet, edit documents and listen to music. Do not forget to update and take a look at the "Application Store" (or its equivalent, depending on the distribution kit) to install the applications you need.

Try Linux and you will see that it is no more difficult in everyday life than Windows or macOS.