Presentation for the lesson "social structure and social attitudes". Presentation on the topic "social structure and social relations" Social stratification by Weber

SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL RELATIONS

Beisembinova Svetlana Danilovna

Teacher MBOU "Jazz secondary school them. M.I.Bersimbaeva "

S. Jazzator of the Kosh-Agach region of the Altai Republic.

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PEOPLE

NOT ONLY IN PERSONAL QUALITIES, BUT ALSO BELONGING TO THAT OR ANOTHER GROUP.

SOCIAL

(DOCTORS, JANITORS, etc.)

THE DIVISION OF SOCIETY INTO GROUPS IS CALLED SOCIAL DIFFERENCE (DIFFERENCE)

Social stratification - a sociological concept, meaning: the structure of society and its individual strata; system of signs social differentiation; branch of sociology.

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

PRIMITIVE SOCIETY.

SEPARATION OF GROUPS WITH PRIVILEGES AND OBLIGATIONS.

( LEADER - CLOSE,

Rejected )

NEXT STEPS-

COMPLICATION OF SOCIAL DISTRIBUTION.

THE DIFFERENCE OF GROUPS IS NOT ONLY IN THE PRESENCE OF SPECIFIC FEATURES, BUT IN

ACCESS TO THE ECONOMIC RESOURCES OF THE COMPANY; POLITICAL POWER TI,

EDUCATION AND OTHER SOCIAL GOODS.

DEPENDING ON THE OWNERSHIP OF RESOURCES AND WEALTHS, PEOPLE LINE ALONG THE SCALE OF INEQUALITY.

POSITION ON THIS SCALE - STRATEGY (LAYER) - THE TOTAL OF SOCIAL LAYERS LOCATED ON THE VERTICAL - SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

THE TERM STRATIFICATION IS BORROWED BY SOCIOLOGISTS IN GEOLOGY

BUT THE CRITICISTS OF THIS POINT OF VIEW BELIEVE THAT A SPECIFICITY OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IS THAT IT REFLESES A PRINCIPLE OF INEQUALITY.

DIFFERENT INEQUALITIES

1.INREGULAR DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH BETWEEN PEOPLE - RESULT

UNFAIR PUBLIC STRUCTURE - LEADS TO INCREASING CONFLICTS IN SOCIETY. A layer of idle people appears

2.INEQUALITY STIMULATES COMPETITION, STRENGTHENING THE STRENGTH OF ABLE PEOPLE TO PROMOTE KEY POSTS IN SOCIETY

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: ITS TYPES.

ECONOMIC - DIFFERENCE IN INCOME, LIVING STANDARDS, EXISTENCE OF THE RICH AND THE POOR.

POLITICAL STRATIFICATION- DIVISION OF THE SOCIETY INTO GOVERNING AND MANAGED, POLITICAL LEADERS AND THE MASS

PROFESSIONAL STRATIFICATION - SEPARATION IN THE COMPANY OF GROUPS BY THE KIND OF THEIR ACTIVITIES

• Slavery - an extreme form of inequality, when some individuals are the property of others.
• Caste - a group whose members are related by origin or legal status, belonging to which is hereditary, the transition from one caste to another is practically impossible. (Endogamy)

• Estate - a group that has established by custom or law and inherited rights and obligations. Estates were based on land ownership. A characteristic feature of the estate is the presence of social symbols and signs: titles, uniforms, orders, titles.
• Classes arise depending on the difference in the economic position of groups of individuals, inequality in the ownership and control of economic resources.

Classes or strata?

"layer"

income

education

profession

- ruling class, governing

sloths, creative intelligence

liberty, employees, workers

whose class, etc.

- workers

peasants

-intelligentsia

Classes or strata?

A set of social

communities

1.owners of the land,

2.the owners of capital,

3. salaried workers

Stratification by Marx:

• Stratification society by Marx one-dimensional, related only to classes since her main reason serves economic situation , and all the rest (rights, privileges, power, influence) fit into the "Procrustean bed" of the economic situation, are combined with it.

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION BY MARX

K. MARX CONSIDERED THE MAIN FORM WITH social STRATIFICATIONS - PUBLIC CLASS.

IN THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT- DISTRIBUTIONAL THEORY OF CLASSES - THE BASIC DIVIDER WAS THE SIZE AND FORM OF INCOME. THREE CLASSES HAVE BEEN STATED: 1 .FEUDALS. 2. BOURGEOISIA. 3. WORKERS.

K. MARX CREATED A NEW THEORY OF CLASSES ON THE BASIS OF THE RELATION OF PROPERTY TO PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT.

CLASS OWNING -

CLASS DEPRECATED OF PROPERTY -

BOURGEOISIE.

WORKING CLASS .

ANTAGONISM

PROPERTY IS THE RESULT OF OPERATION AND ITS ASSIGNMENT WAS POSSIBLE AS A RESULT OF POLITICAL DOMINATION OF THE CLASS OF OWNERS.

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION BY MARX

THUS, BY MARKS, OBJECTIVE, FIRSTLY, ECONOMIC FACTORS DETERMINE CLASS STRATIFICATION.

WITH THIS HE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT THE SUBJECTIVE FACTOR - CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS.

FOLLOWING THE IDEA OF MARXISM TO CONSIDER THE RELATIONSHIP OF PROPERTY AS THE BASIS FOR DIVISING PUBLIC CLASSES WAS ACCEPTED BY SOCIOLOGISTS.

BUT SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT LEADED TO THE CREATION OF NEW THEORIES.

Max Weber's theory of social stratification.

• own , or rather the types of its ownership, make it possible for the emergence of economic classes in which they are distinguished access to power , the formation of political parties, and prestige some of them creates status groupings .

• classes take place only in a society with a capitalist system.

Pitirim Sorokin : “The specific incarnations of social stratification are numerous. However, all their diversity can be reduced to !!! three main forms:

1) economic, 2) political and 3) professional stratification. "

M. WEBER LIKE MARX IN DETERMINING THE CLASSES USED THE WEALTH CRITERION -

ACCUMULATED INCOME. BUT HE ASSOCIATED THIS INDICATOR WITH THE ATTITUDE TO

PROPERTY IN PRODUCTION MEANS AND WITH A MARKET SYSTEM, FIRST OF ALL WITH A LABOR MARKET.

PERSONS WITHOUT OWNERSHIP CAN GET IT USING THE KNOWLEDGE AND QUALIFICATION - USE A LIFE CHANCE.

IN ADDITION OF CLASSES WEBER ISSUES STATUS GROUPS-

CONDITIONS, BUREAU, CASTS

SEPARATION CRITERIA GROUP:

TERRITORY, NATIONALITY, RELIGION, BELONGING TO A PROFESSION.

THE MOST IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTIC AND CRITERION OF THEIR ISSUED BY

PRESTIGE - ASSESSMENT OF THEIR SOCIAL STATUS BY PUBLIC OPINION.

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION BY WEBER

IF THE CLASSES DIFFER IN LIFE CHANCE, THEN STATUS GROUPS - STYLE (LIFESTYLE). CLASS AND STATUS POSITIONS DO NOT ALWAYS COINCIDE - (ARISTOCRACY)

WEBER HIGHLIGHTS ANOTHER TYPE OF STRATIFICATION BASED ON POWER

GROUPS INFLUENCING POLITICAL DECISION-MAKING (ELITE) AND DEPRIVATED THIS

WEBER'S APPROACH TO STRATIFICATION IS BASED ON THREE MAIN CRITERIA:

1. PROPERTY 2 PRESTIGE 3. POWER.

THERE ARE RESEARCHERS THAT BELIEVE THAT MARX'S THEORY HAS ADVANTAGES OVER WEBER'S. - P.15- SOURCE.

Social differentiation

division of society into groups occupying different social

position

professional

political

economic

Division

by kind

classes and

activities

Difference

level

life

and income

Political

leaders and

folk

masses

Social differentiation

Makes you strive

to improve

social relations

• Aggregation - many individuals who are in the same place at the same time (queue, passengers in transport).
• Quasigroup : a) crowd - an internally disorganized set of individuals who have spatial proximity, general external stimuli and emotional community; b) audience - a set of individuals associated with the communicator in order to obtain information or emotions (spectators in the cinema, visitors to the lecture hall).
• Social group - a set of individuals interacting with each other on the basis of shared expectations of each member of the group in relation to others, who are aware of their belonging to this group and are recognized as members of this group from the point of view of others.

Social mobility.

Employee-

manager

Family-Family,

factory-factory

SOCIAL MOBILITY AND SOCIAL "LIFTS"

SOCIAL MOBILITY - TRANSITION FROM ONE SOCIAL GROUP TO OTHERS

HORIZONTAL MOBILITY - JOINING A GROUP ON ONE LEVEL

VERTICAL MOBILITY - MOVING FROM ONE STEP TO ANOTHER.

• SOCIAL DESCENT
• SOCIAL RISE.

CLOSED SOCIETY - "KASTOVY STROY" IN INDIA.

OPEN SOCIETY-INDUSTRIAL.

SOCIAL MOBILITY INCREASES IN THE DURING OF REVOLUTIONS, CONQUEST

Social "elevators".

CHURCH

ARMY

SCHOOL

Bishops-

from the people,

"Demoted"

heretic kings

Cromwell

Washington

Napoleon

University.

Social elevator - the conventional name of a set of factors that have a decisive influence on vertical social mobility.

• 1) crisis society (revolutions, wars, conquests); 2) normal society (army, church, family, marriage, school, property).
• Pitirim Sorokin, studying mobility in addition to "elevators" discovered social "Filters", hindering individual advancement "upward". Social filters : 1) qualifications; 2) quotas; 3) exams; 4) certification; 5) fines; 6) determination of status; 7) ranks; 8) benefits; 9) privileges

Lumpen and marginals.

Tramps, beggars

homeless

Border

social strata

Trends in the development of social relations.

-reduction of workers

in industry and with / x

-increasing employment in

services and information

tion technologies.

TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL RELATIONS .

SUSTAINABLE SOCIAL STRUCTURE IN TRADITIONAL SOCIETIES .

IN THE DEVELOPED WEST COUNTRIES, THE GROWTH OF A NEW MIDDLE CLASS. WHICH THE

PROMOTES STABILITY.

REDUCING THE WORKING CLASS AND INCREASING THE Scope of Services.

“FUNCTIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT.

STATE REGULATION.

in Russian society.

Elite basket-

20 times

60% of the population for

poverty line

Changing social relationships in Russian society.

The fall of the social

status of professions

Changing social relationships in Russian society.

No payments

salaries

"Social

Unemployment

Changing social relationships in Russian society.

BY CIVILIZATION

Development of material and spiritual production

Lessons 1-3. Social structure and social relationships

Social Studies

Social stratification .

Social stratification according to K. Marx and

M. Weber .

Social mobility and

social "elevators".

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Lumpen and marginals.

Trends in the development of social relations.

The division of society into groups is called social differentiation

Imagine societies in terms of social differentiation.

• The first group represents a primitive society.
• The second group represents a slave society.
• The third group represents a feudal society.
• The fourth group represents capitalist society

A large group of people in a certain position is called stratum (layer), and the totality of vertically arranged social strata - social stratification .

Remember and name the causes of inequality.

Imagine that you are attending a discussion club meeting. The following point of view has been brought up for your discussion - a modern English political scientist claims: "The whole history of mankind proves that inequality is necessary to achieve some ideal of human excellence, both individual and collective."

Divide into two groups: critics and positivists , discuss the problem of uneven distribution of wealth among people, give arguments in defense of your position.

Can inequality be eliminated? Should we strive for this? Express your opinion, backing it up with arguments.

Types of social stratification

economic stratification (expressed in the difference in income, living standards, in the existence of the rich, poor and middle strata of the population);

political stratification (division of society into managers and governed, political leaders and the masses);

professional stratification (the allocation of various groups in society by the nature of their activities, occupations).

Types of stratification systems

• Slavery
• Castes
• Estates
• Classes

• Slavery - an extreme form of inequality, when some individuals are the property of others.
• Caste - a group whose members are related by origin or legal status, belonging to which is hereditary, the transition from one caste to another is practically impossible. (Endogamy)

Historical types of social stratification:

• Estate - a group that has established by custom or law and inherited rights and obligations. Estates were based on land ownership. A characteristic feature of the estate is the presence of social symbols and signs: titles, uniforms, orders, titles.
• Classes arise depending on the difference in the economic position of groups of individuals, inequality in the ownership and control of economic resources.

Group assignments

First group - "Social stratification according to Karl Marx" (paragraph 2 § 1).

Second group - "Social stratification according to M. Weber"

(point 3 § 1, document to paragraph on p. 15).

Third group - “Social stratification in terms of

contemporary sociologists ”(additional material).

The strata are different:

The classes differ:

by income level;

basic lifestyle features

involvement in power structures;

property relations;

social prestige;

self-assessment of their position in society.

in place in the system of social production;

relation to the means of production;

role in the social organization of labor;

according to the methods and sizes of the obtained wealth.

The totality of social movements of people in society called social mobility.

• What questions did we consider in the lesson?
• List the key concepts of the lesson.
• Various variants of long-term social policy have developed in the world. Each country solves its problems in its own way. After listening to the material, discuss each of the options for social policy, identify their advantages and disadvantages. Which option seems preferable to you. Argument your position.

Slide 3

Historical types of social stratification

• Slavery is an extreme form of inequality in which some individuals are the property of others.
• A caste is a group whose members are linked by origin or legal status, belonging to which is hereditary, the transition from one caste to another is almost impossible. (endogamy)

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Slide captions:

§ 1. SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL RELATIONS Social studies Grade 11 (profile)

A social group is any set of people that has some common socially significant feature. Different social groups have different positions in society. This position is determined by unequal rights and privileges, responsibilities and duties, property and income, attitudes towards power and influence among members of their community.

Social differentiation is the division of society into different social groups that occupy different positions in it.

Social inequality is the uneven distribution of society's resources - money, power, education and prestige between different segments of the population.

The difference between groups based on the principle of inequality is expressed in the formation of social strata. A strata is a large group of people in a certain social position.

Social stratification is a set of social strata located at different stages in a vertical order. The term "stratification" is taken from geology, where it refers to the vertical arrangement of strata.

Social stratification criteria income power education prestige

Types of social stratification Economic: the difference in income, living standards, the presence of the poor and the rich. 2. Political: the division of society into managers and governed. 3. Professional: by occupation, occupation.

Approaches to the analysis of social stratification of social. social stratification Marx stratification by Weber

Answer the questions on § 1 (item 2, pp. 7-8) 1. What did Marx consider the main form of social stratification? 2. What is the novelty of the theory of classes according to Marx? 3. What are the general conclusions from his theory?

Answer the questions on § 1 (clause 3, pp. 9-10) 1. What Weber considered Ch. form of social. stratification? 2. What is the main criterion he singled out? 3. What groups, besides classes, did the sociologist identify? 4. Give examples of status groups. 5. What are the criteria for identifying status groups. 6. What is the difference between classes and status groups? 7. What other type of stratification did Weber identify? 8. Make general conclusions on the position of Weber.

Social stratification according to Marx The main form of social stratification is the social class. The main feature of a class is its attitude to ownership of the means of production. Owner class A class that does not have property Antagonism in the relationship between them, class struggle. Conclusion: the class stratification of society is determined by economic factors.

Social stratification according to Weber identified in the social. structure of the classes ch. criterion - wealth, accumulated income for each person identified status groups (castes, estates, etc.) criteria for identifying status groups - ethnicity, territorial community, religious views, common profession, prestige) Type of stratification based on the power Polit. class, elite Groups devoid of power Conclusion: Weber's approach to stratification is based on three main criteria: property, prestige, power

stratum class Differs in: The level of income, the main features of the way of life, involvement in power structures, property relations, social prestige, self-esteem of one's position in society, place in the system of social production, in relation to the means of production, role in the social organization of labor, methods and amounts of obtaining wealth

Social mobility is the movement of people from one social group to another, changes in their status.

Closed total structure: caste system in India, limited social. mobility in patriarchal, feudal societies.

A modern democratic society Open: travel restrictions lifted

Types of social mobility Vertical (ascending and descending) Horizontal Moving from one level of the social hierarchy to another Transition to a group located at the same level as the previous one (without changing status) Types of social mobility Individual Group Moving down, up or horizontally occurs in each person independently of the others Movements occur collectively (for example, after a social revolution, the old class yields domination to a new class)

Social "elevators" (channels of social mobility) are the paths along which people move from one social group to another.

Social "elevators" according to P. Sorokin ARMY SCHOOL CHURCH

Modern social elevators Social status of the family Physical and mental abilities, external data of a person Change of residence Obtaining education and upbringing Army service

Factors affecting group social mobility Social revolutions Foreign interventions Interstate and civil wars Military coups Change of political regimes Structural restructuring of the economy

Social mobility can be accompanied by lumpenization and marginalization. Unstable social groups Lumpen are the lower strata of society: declassified part of the population, incapable of independent action; people who have sunk to the bottom of life (beggars, homeless people, vagabonds, criminal elements - a breeding ground for extremist organizations.

Unstable social groups Marginal are groups that occupy an intermediate position between stable communities. Types of marginals Ethnic marginals: emerging as a result of migration to a foreign ethnic group Economic marginals: generated by the loss of work and material well-being Religious marginals: persons who stand outside traditional confessions Social margins: appear due to incomplete social displacement

Types of marginals Political marginals: arising from the loss of generally accepted norms of political culture Biomarginal people: people whose health is no longer a matter of concern from the state. Channels of marginalization Migration, war, revolution, natural disasters

Outcasts Danger to society: strive for a firm hand, become the basis of anti-democratic regimes. Exceptions: People from these groups are entrepreneurial and successful in the profession.

Homework: § 1, draw up a plan on the topic "Trends in the development of social relations", (item 6, page 13).

Literature: 1. Social studies. Grade 11: Cheb. for general education. institutions: profile. level / L.N.Bogolyubov, A.Yu. Lazebnikova, A.T. Kinkulkin and others, ed. L.N.Bogolyubova /. M.: Education, 2011. 2. Social studies: Social relations: express tutor for preparing for the exam / PA Baranov, SyuV.Shevchenko. - M.: AST: Asstrel; Vladimir, 2012.