Projectors and monitors. Projectors and Monitors How 3D Image Technology Works
What is 3D?
3D (reads three te) Is a collective image that includes many concepts. Most often, it means a technology for creating and displaying a volumetric image.
Usually, a person sees a flat picture on a monitor or TV. the screen itself is flat and has only two dimensions - width and height. In the world around us, there is also a third dimension - depth. A person easily distinguishes a flat picture from reality.
Therefore, engineers are looking for different ways creating an artificial image that would have 3 dimensions, and would be as close to reality as possible.
This image began to be called 3D image... The name comes, if I'm not mistaken, from the English phrase “third dimension” - the third dimension - 3D.
In a simplified form, human vision can be represented as follows.
Each eye receives its own image, and these images are different, and the brain already "assembles" a three-dimensional picture from these two images. Thanks to this, we can perceive all three dimensions. Both eyes see the picture from the screen the same way, so we understand that this is a flat image.
In connection with such a device for our vision, the main approach for creating three-dimensional images close to real ones has become the method of creating different images for each eye.
One example is stereo pictures or stereograms.
With the usual look at them, you can see only a blurry indefinite color spot. However, when the vision is defocused, when the eyes will receive a different image, the brain will “fold” these images and you will “see” a 3D picture.
Here is an example of such pictures and several ways to learn to defocus the eyes http://illuziya.com/index.php/site/comments/n_539/.
I myself could look at such pictures when I was in school, now I can no longer, I cannot properly defocus my eyes.
As you can see, this method has significant drawbacks: not all people can learn to see such pictures; this method will not work for a changing picture (game or movie).
The next way - this is the creation of pictures separately for the left and right eyes and then showing them, respectively, for the left and right eyes. This method is used mainly in cinemas.
The creation of individual pictures is relatively simple - with the development of digital technologies, the film is immediately shot on two adjacent cameras or a regular frame is divided into 2 in a special way - for each eye. In the cinema itself, the viewer must wear special glasses that allow each eye to see only "its" image. As a result, the viewer sees a three-dimensional image.
These special glasses are of several types. One of them is polarized glasses.
Light polarization Is a special transformation of ordinary light. Polarization is used in science and technology, but sometimes it finds application in everyday life.
When using polarization, the light from the cinema projector will change so that the rays directed at the screen, for example, through the left lens, are perceived only by the left eye and are completely extinguished for the right eye, and vice versa for the right lens. For these glasses, you need to create two separate images.
Such glasses are used, for example, in cinemas. IMAX 3D... This method requires expensive equipment, but for the viewer, such a picture is better than all other methods and the additional burden on the eyes (compared to a conventional cinema) is minimal.
Another type of glasses is anaglyph.
These are glasses with glasses of different colors, usually the left one is red and the right one is blue. There may be other colors as well.
Here is an example of such glasses:
One modified image is used for such glasses.
The general meaning of the modification is this - 2 additional ones are created for the main image, which are painted in red and blue shades, and which are shifted to the left and right from the main one by some distance. Then the main and additional images are combined in a special way.
You can also create anaglyph picture from two pictures. For example, for photos taken from two adjacent points. On the Internet, on request "how to make anaglyph", there are many links to the description of the method and to programs for working with photos.
Here is an example of an anaglyph picture:
This method can be used in conventional cinemas. This option is much cheaper than polarized glasses.
A significant drawback of anaglyph glasses is a decrease in image brightness, which creates an additional burden on the eyes to see the image. Therefore, this method is of little use for dark images.
3D monitors and TVs.
3D monitors work with glasses. Glasses with a stereoscopic shutter are used. And the monitor must have a refresh rate (vertical or vertical sync) of at least 120Hz.
The principle of the 3D mode is as follows: a different image for the left and right eyes is shown in turn. The monitor shows each image 60 times per second so as not to deteriorate the quality.
Thus, a minimum frequency of 120Hz is required. And the glasses are connected to the monitor and also pass the image for the left and right eyes in turn. 3D TV sets with glasses work the same way.
3D TVs without glasses contain an additional layer in the screen, which, when activated, creates a 3D picture. The disadvantage is that this picture is visible from one small area of \u200b\u200bspace in front of the TV. You won't see a big 3D company anymore.
Nvidia has even released a special kit that connects to a PC. This set includes active shutter glasses and a dedicated hub. It all connects to a PC with a powerful Nvidia graphics card and 120Hz monitor.
As a result, we are promised 3D, like in a cinema. Here is a description of this product: http://www.nvidia.ru/object/3d-vision-main-ru.htm
Scientists are currently working on creating a system that will create a fully three-dimensional image in space, and there are already the first results: http://www.3dnews.ru/news/619900
3D on PC.
Currently, there are many games that create 3D reality. These are mainly "shooters", ie. games where you have to run and shoot a lot with a view of the hero's eyes. But all the same, such a picture is not perceived as a real three-dimensional.
Gradually, programmers figured out how to "add" 3D to games. The first time I saw such an opportunity in the game King's Bounty: The Armored Princess (game site http://princess.kingsbounty.ru/).
Probably the simplest option is implemented there - using anaglyph glasses. I bought the game right away, complete with glasses. The game itself has an option to enable 3D mode. After enabling this option, you can wear glasses and see a 3D image.
The ag.ru website has a section with stereo screenshots from this game. They should be viewed in anaglyph stereo glasses, red-blue. Here's a link.
Due to the fact that the game itself is bright and light (it's not scary even in the dungeons there), switching to 3D mode does not degrade the image.
After a while I learned about the program "Iz3D driver"... Developer website: http://www.iz3d.com/.
This program is installed additionally in operating system and allows you to configure the work of the video driver in one of the 3D modes, depending on your monitor or TV.
There is also the simplest mode in the settings - anaglyph. There are several key combinations to switch to this mode and configure it. When using this mode, the frame rate (FPS - frame per second) drops by about half.
Example for setting up a PC for obtaining a 3D image.
More recently, Nvidia has implemented 3D support in its drivers, similar to the work of iz3d software.
Now I'll show you how you can use it. This method is only suitable for PCs with an Nvidia graphics card. To use it, you need anaglyph red and blue glasses.
Step 1. Download (from the link: http://www.nvidia.ru/Download/index.aspx?lang\u003dru) and install latest versions drivers and additional software for your video card model.
Step 2. We call the Nvidia control panel through context menu or control panel.
Step 3. On the left side, select the section "Stereoscopic 3D mode", and in it the item.
The following content should appear on the right:
In this section of settings, you can click "Launching the installation wizard" or check the box.
Step 4. After that, a new window will appear, for which you need to configure the 3D mode.
Window 1 - "Installing Nvidia 3D Vision".
The type of 3D implementation is selected here. Our version is the lowest, red-blue glasses are just drawn there - "3D vision discover glasses".
Window 2 - "Test the hardware settings."
Here you need to wear glasses and correctly indicate the visible objects.
I don't know why, but even with glasses, closing my eyes one by one, in the bottom row I see all the objects.
Through trial and error, I determined that the correct option was to choose a hexagon for the left eye, and a triangle for the right eye.
Window 3 - "Checking settings".
You must look at a large square with glasses in paragraph 1... A smaller “convex” square should be visible inside it.
Accordingly, after checking in paragraph 2 you must specify the left square.
Window 4 - "Congratulations on completing the settings."
You can check or uncheck the boxes to create a shortcut for viewing photos, and for viewing a slideshow. We press "Finish".
Here's a sample image from this slideshow:
You can exit the slideshow by "Esc".
After that, the following content will appear in the control panel:
Slider - adjusts 3D depth.
Button "Change 3D Laser Sight" - calls the scope settings window. This scope is needed for shooting games.
As a result of image conversion, the "native" sight in the game will most likely not be visible. And to bring the sight back, this laser sight is used. The effect of use is best tested in a specific game.
Button "Assign keyboard shortcut" brings up a window with settings for keyboard shortcuts for additional settings 3D right in the game. The effect of the change will be visible immediately in the game.
By clicking the bottom button, you can run the 3D setup wizard again or check the existing 3D settings.
In the control panel on the tab, you can check how the game supports 3D mode.
For example, the well-known game "World of Tanks" has good compatibility. The list of problems indicates, although in English, that some objects will be rendered incorrectly.
I started the game and saw that tank markers are displayed not above the tanks, but in arbitrary places of the game scene. I did not find any more problems with the image.
Also, when you start the game, 3D mode immediately turns on and information about the game appears in the lower right corner:
Here is a picture of the tank in the game itself with 3D mode enabled:
To turn off 3D mode entirely, uncheck the box in the Nvidia control panel Enable Stereoscopic 3D and press the button "Apply".
Conclusion.
This is how you can get a 3D image of the house right now. If you have a video card installed in your PC Nvidia, then 3D mode can be enabled directly in the driver settings.
The list of games that are supported by the driver itself is constantly growing, all the most popular games are included in it.
If the video card is from another manufacturer, then you need to study the driver settings or use additional software, for example iz3d.
Usually when this mode is turned on, the number of frames per second drops by about half, so need a good video card for a comfortable game in this mode.
I liked this option for its relative simplicity of implementation. But in fact, after 2-3 days of playing for 15-20 minutes, interest disappeared, and I stopped using this mode. And my eyes were very tired.
Below are some more links to interesting materials about 3D.
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Ilya 19064
To find out if your model supports 3D, press the i-Manual button on the remote control, then press the right arrow to go to the Contents section and select the Watch TV section. If your model supports 3D, you will see the corresponding inscription in the menu. Let's assume that the TV is equipped with 3D image technology. To fully enjoy it, you need 3D setup on Sony Bravia. We will talk about this.
If the glasses were not sold together with the TV, they were lost, you can buy them separately. Remember that there are two types of glasses. To find out which view suits your device, go through the i-Manual menu to the section "viewing in 3D format" and carefully scroll through the instructions to the section "Recommended glasses model".
Remember that the output device must also support 3D. Most home theaters and Blu-ray players, Sony game consoles support this format, but it's better to double-check.
3D formats
You can even watch a flat picture in a three-dimensional effect. It is converted to volumetric using imitation. This mode is not present on all Bravia TVs. To use the function, when viewing any content, press the "3D" button on the remote control, in the interface that opens, select the "Imitation" mode.
Now let's talk about three-dimensional image formats, that is, when the content is originally designed for 3D output. Such content can be found on Blu-Ray discs marked 3D, filmed with a Sony Handycam 3D camera, in SmartTV applications.
Playback of multimedia data recorded from a Handycam is possible if the device is connected directly to a TV through the NDM-connector or if the video is recorded on a blue-ray media and the player supports the AVCHD2.0 format.
To view a 3D signal digital television3D content downloaded from the Internet is required presetting the TV to the desired mode. Sonya has several of them:
- Framepacking - two full videos for both eyes. This is what is used in Blu-Ray discs.
- Sidebyside mode - the picture is cut into two identical fragments, which are located side by side.
- Topbybottom mode - the image is divided into two identical parts, they are one below the other.
To make settings, press the 3D button on the remote control, then use the arrows to set the desired mode. If the picture doubles or the effect of volume seems small to you, adjust the 3D depth in the "3D settings" submenu. Set the depth that is comfortable for your eyes.
Possible problems
1. When viewed with glasses, the image doubles.
To fully enjoy watching 3D content, sit at least 2 times the diagonal of the display perpendicular to the TV.
If you are using shutter glasses, check that they are connected and that the battery is charged. Re-sync the glasses with the TV (if this is provided in the instructions for the accessory). In old Sony TVs (released before 2013), synchronization was carried out via the infrared port. Therefore for correct work it is important not to cover the transmitter or place bright lights near the TV. Also, make sure you buy the type of glasses the manufacturer recommends.
2. Severe distortion during 3D playback (desired display mode is set).
The file being played itself and the playing device must be set to Full ND.
As you can see, most often problems with 3D playback are associated not with TV, but with external devices... The main recommendation is to use licensed discs.
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3D-Secure is an effective technology that increases the security level of electronic banking payments. It is based on the separation of access devices. That is, in order to transfer money, you need to have not only access to your personal account and bank card, but also to the phone. Fraudsters cannot do this at the same time, thus ensuring high level protection.
3D-Secure - what is it?
Today, 3D-Secure is one of the most reliable protection, used as an authorization for payment. During payments with a bank card, the system generates SMS codes that confirm the transaction.As a result of this confirmation, the bank verifies that the account holder is performing this operation. After all, you can make a payment using the bank card details and the phone to which it is attached. The 3D-Secure service is activated if you have at least one VTB payment card (salary, credit or debit). Also for service registration it is necessary to connect Mobile bank at the VTB 24 branch. There you can also get a card that best suits your tasks. Financial mobile number must be registered in the passport data of the person who opened the account, but this condition is optional.
The cost
For VTB 24 3D-Secure clients connection, the cost of the service is zero.How to connect 3D-Secure
Since 2016, all VTB 24 bank cards are issued with the 3D-Secure option enabled.
If this service is not connected on the card, then the activation of the service can be performed in the personal account of VTB 24 Online, at an ATM. All the details can be found on the official VTB 24 website or by calling the bank's hotline.
This system work with visa cards and MasterCard, uses the hardware and software base of the worldwide settlement system SWIFT. This allows you to use the VTB 24 card abroad, buy goods in foreign online stores. Work in worldwide network provides a high level of safety and ease of use.
ATM connection
3D-Secure is connected both through the Internet bank and through an ATM. In both cases, the connection is free, and its term is limited by the validity period of the card (usually 1 or 3 years).Instructions for connecting VTB 24 3D-Secure via an ATM:
- after installing the card and entering the PIN-code, go to the menu;
- select "Card and SMS management";
- confirm the connection operation.
If you forget your password, you cannot recover it remotely. This is done on purpose so as not to create additional opportunity for scammers. To recover your password, you need to visit a bank branch, taking your passport, bank card, phone number, account statements for identification. Bank employees will conduct a reconciliation and manual mode will recover the password. Using a similar scheme, you can change the phone numbers associated with the account, which also serves as an additional security measure.
You do not need to remember a one-time password. It is forwarded to SMS. To ensure that it is not intercepted, you should not transfer the phone attached to your bank card, to outsiders... There is an option where the generation of a one-time password occurs in special program, which is downloaded from the VTB 24 bank server.
SMS authorization and informing
Electronic banking is not as secure as it seems. There is no direct personal identification of the client, as in a bank. Who performs actions with the card can be determined only by the password. It is the password from personal account subject to careful protection. A permanent password is more vulnerable than a dynamic one. To transmit a one-time password, a different communication channel is used, independent of computer networkwhere the calculation is carried out. For private use, the password is sent by SMS.
VTB 24 3D-Secure is a completely free service. A small connection fee is charged mobile communication, because cellular companies need to cover the costs of SMS delivery. Also, SMS notification services and Mobile Bank are paid, due to payment for cellular network services.
The 3D-Secure system allows you to detect an attempt to attack your account in time. If someone else tried to make the payment, then it's time to change the card details and re-issue it. All this can be done at the bank branch. Reissuing a card with new data reliably protects against unauthorized withdrawals.
Online payment with 3D-Secure
Online stores support the introduction of 3D-Secure technology, as this increases the overall level of payment security. Before paying the bill, you should make sure that the store is authentic. In this respect, large and well-known stores are more reliable than small ones. The form of payment on the store's website should be standard, without requiring additional data.
Conclusion
To transfer money, you need to have not only the card details but also the phone to which the bank account is linked. VTB 24 uses this technology in a standard solution. It is recommended to connect VTB 24 3D-Secure technology, if this is not done immediately after the card is issued. This will serve as a reliable additional protection to the basic SWIFT security systems. Since 2016, the bank has enabled it by default automatically upon receipt new card... The service is connected and activated free of charge for any period.
Many computer users prefer watching films at home to cinemas, when an unlimited number of films can be played in a cozy atmosphere. And even if you want to watch a 3D movie at home, this is also not a problem, but for this you need to resort to the help of special software.
Today we will be launching a movie in 3D using KMPlayer. This program is an extremely convenient and functional media player, one of the functions of which is the ability to run movies in 3D mode.
- KMPlayer program installed on the computer;
- 3D-movie with horizontal or vertical stereo pair;
- Anaglyph glasses for watching a 3D movie (with red and blue lenses).
How do I start a movie in 3D?
Please note that the method described below works exclusively with 3D films, of which a sufficient number is distributed on the Internet. A regular 2D movie will not work in this case.
1. Run the KMPlayer program.
2. Add a side-by-side or side-by-side 3D video to the program.
3. The video will start playing on the screen, where there is a double image vertically or horizontally. Click on the 3D icon in the lower left corner of the screen to activate this mode.
4. This button has three pressing modes: side-by-side, side-to-side and off 3D mode. Depending on what type of 3D movie you have loaded, select the desired 3D mode.
4. Click on any area of \u200b\u200bthe video being played for a more detailed 3D setting right click mouse and move the mouse cursor over the item "3D screen control" ... An additional menu will be displayed on the screen, divided into 3 blocks: activation and location of 3D, changing frames with metas, as well as choosing colors (you need to focus on the color of your glasses).
5. When the 3D setup on your computer is complete, expand the image to full screen and start watching a 3D movie with your anaglyph glasses.
Today we looked at the easiest and most high-quality way to watch a 3D movie. In principle, in the KMPlayer program, you can convert a regular 2D movie into 3D, but for this you need to install a special anaglyph 3D filter in the player, for example, Anaglyph.ax .
Today you don't always have to go to the cinema to watch a 3D movie. The 3D image can be reproduced by new generation TVs that support 3D. You just need to purchase DVD disc with a stereoscopic effect, which will cost you a little less than a movie ticket. If you have already purchased a TV that supports this function, then you are only a few steps away from watching a 3D movie. So, how do I enable 3D mode on my TV?
Universal instructions for setting up 3D
- Before purchasing a disc, make sure it is fully compatible with your TV model. The very first and highest quality 3D Blu-ray (a popular disc format) movie with impressive effects is Avatar by James Cameron, but such discs are quite expensive.
- Many new TVs themselves can recognize 3D format and automatically go to the appropriate view mode, and no additional action will be required from you. But some of the 3D TV models require mandatory manual setting 3D mode... Most often it will not be very difficult to do, just find the button with the 3D icon on the remote control.
- You can also watch a 3D movie using a Blu-ray player. You can connect it through a dedicated HDMI connector. Then just download the image of a 3D movie, write it to an external medium, connect it to the device and you're ready to watch a 3D movie.
- You can watch a 3D movie in another way, namely, use a 3D TV as a monitor for a home computer, but for this a powerful video card that supports 3D format must be installed on it. RAM must be at least 2 gigabytes. If everything converges, then to watch a movie, it is enough to connect the TV to the computer, download the file with the movie and run it using a suitable player. In this case, on the TV, you need to set the 3D mode by pressing the corresponding button on the remote control. And most importantly, don't forget to wear your stereo glasses.
- From the above, we can conclude that 3D videos on TV can be viewed quite easily, be it samsung TV, LG, Philips or others.
How to enable 3D on a Samsung TV
The 3D setting is at the time slot: 4:51
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